Atrophy of the muscles of mastication is a well known indirect sign of damage to the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). Because V3 motor palsy is difficult to diagnose clinically, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head and neck often provide the only evidence of masticator space muscle atrophy (1). This finding, in turn, should alert the physician...

Background During mastication, the tongue presses bolus into pharynx by a "squeeze-back" motion, known as stage II transport (St2Tr). However, pressure of St2Tr tongue-palate contact has not been examined. Objectives We aimed to clarify aspects occurrence and during mastication measuring pressure. Methods Ten healthy adults (eight men, two women, aged 26.8 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. Tongue was...

dimensional synthesis of a parallel robot may be the initial stage of its design process, which is usually carried out based on a required workspace. since optimization of the links lengths of the robot for the workspace is usually done, the workspace computation process must be run numerous times. hence, importance of the efficiency of the algorithm and the cpu time of the workspace computatio...

based on dynamic modeling, robust trajectory tracking control of attitude and position of a spherical mobile robot is proposed. in this paper, the spherical robot is composed of a spherical shell and three independent rotors which act as the inner driver mechanism. owing to rolling without slipping assumption, the robot is subjected to two nonholonomic constraints. the state space representatio...

in this paper, the important formation control problem of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots is investigated via a leader-follower strategy. to this end, the dynamics model of the considered wheeled mobile robot is derived using lagrange equations of motion. then, using adams multi-body simulation software, the obtained dynamics of the wheeled system in matlab software is verified. after that, ...

in this study, a novel variable impedance control for a lower-limb rehabilitation robotic system using voltage control strategy is presented. the majority of existing control approaches are based on control torque strategy, which require the knowledge of robot dynamics as well as dynamic of patients. this requires the controller to overcome complex problems such as uncertainties and nonlinearit...

This paper starts with developing kinematic and dynamic model of a snake shape robot in serpentine locomotion and finishes with actual experimentation. At the beginning the symmetrical and unsymmetrical serpenoid curves are introduced. Kinematics and dynamics of a snake robot on flat and inclined surfaces are obtained for a general n-link robot. SimMechanics toolbox of MATLAB software is employ...