In this paper we de ne interval valued fuzzy h-quasi-ideals and interval valued fuzzy h-bi-ideals. We characterize h-hemiregular and h-intra-hemiregular hemirings by the properties of their interval valued fuzzy h-ideals, interval valued fuzzy h-quasiideals, and interval valued fuzzy h-bi-ideals.

In this paper, we apply the concept of fuzzy soft sets to ordered semigroup theory. The concepts of (∈γ ,∈γ ∨qδ )-fuzzy left (right) ideals, (∈γ ,∈γ ∨qδ )-fuzzy bi-ideals and (∈γ ,∈γ ∨qδ )-fuzzy quasi-ideals are introduced and some related properties are obtained. Three kinds of lattice structures of the set of all (∈γ ,∈γ ∨qδ )-fuzzy soft left (right) ideals of an ordered semigroup are derived...

Marriage formation is deeply embedded in societal context. This study documents trends towards lower marriage rates and delayed marriage in Europe and the US. Using time series analyses, it shows the relevance of economic and gender context in understanding marriage formation. The study extends previous work by including more countries, a longer time period, and by examining changes in predicto...

In this paper, we present the concepts of a fuzzy soft left (right) ideal and fuzzy soft interior ideal over an ordered semigroup S . Some basic results of fuzzy soft left (right) ideals and fuzzy soft interior ideals are investigated and the supported examples are provided. Different classes, regular, intra-regular, and simple ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy soft left (r...

The concepts of (∈γ ,∈γ ∨ qδ)-fuzzy h-ideals and (∈γ ,∈γ ∨ qδ)-fuzzy hinterior ideals in hemirings are introduced. Some new characterization theorems of these kinds of fuzzy h-ideals are also given. In particular, we investigate prime and strong prime (∈γ ,∈γ ∨ qδ)-fuzzy h-ideals in hemirings. Finally, we show that the h-hemiregular and h-semisimple hemirings can be described by using these kin...

The marriage of older men to younger women is common across cultures. On one hand, husband-older may serve the interests both sexes, a conclusion broadly consistent with reported gender differences in mate preferences. other alone benefit from such marriages at cost if seniority enables exert dominance conflicts interest. Indeed, public health large spousal age gaps are generally deemed “pathol...

I examine the effect of marriage penalties in the US income tax system on marital status. I construct a simulated instrument that exploits variation in the tax code over time and between US states to deal with potential endogeneity between the marriage penalty a couple faces and their marital status. I find that a $1000 increase in the marriage penalty faced reduces the probability of marriage ...

Title of dissertation: THE EFFECT OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE LAWS ON DIFFERENT-SEX MARRIAGE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NETHERLANDS Mircea Ştefan Trandafir, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Dissertation directed by: Professor Judith K. Hellerstein Department of Economics It has long been argued that the legalization of same-sex marriage would have a negative impact on marriage. My dissertation examines what happene...

On 3 December 1996, a Hawaiian state court upheld the legalization of same-sex marriage, although the next day the presiding judge set the ruling aside pending the outcome of an appeal by the state. This ruling rekindled fears that exist regarding the potential legalization of same-sex marriage throughout the United States. To answer concerns regarding same-sex marriage, I will examine several ...

Pursuing ideas of Jeff Smith, we develop a homotopy theory of ideals of monoids in a symmetric monoidal model category. This includes Smith ideals of structured ring spectra and of differential graded algebras. Such Smith ideals are NOT subobjects, and as a result the theory seems to require us to consider all Smith ideals of all monoids simultaneously, rather then restricting to the Smith idea...