The westward movement of the seismic energy along North Anatolian Fault (NAF) during 20th century has increased probability that next activity will be offshore in Sea Marmara. According to historical records 35 tsunami events have impacted Marmara coasts (Altınok, et al., 2011). Offshore sources may trigger these tsunamis directly or through coseismic underwater failure. 1999 İzmit Bay led more...

The primary objective of the research is to provide detailed information on various social aspects of the Marmara earthquake. In particular, the research focuses on activities aimed at restoring basic social functions to the impacted region during the early recovery phase of the disaster. This paper examines three of those functions: (1) housing, (2) education, and (3) health care. The paper co...