k-Adic formulations (for groups of objects of size k) of a variety of 2adic similarity coefficients (for pairs of objects) for binary (presence/absence) data are presented. The formulations are not functions of 2-adic similarity coefficients. Instead, the main objective of the the paper is to present k-adic formulations that reflect certain basic characteristics of, and have a similar interpret...

We prove the Freiheitssatz for free associative algebras over any field. This extends the previous result of Marker-Limanov and immediately implies the Freiheitssatz for free restricted Lie algebras and free Lie algebras. We prove the Freiheitssatz for free Poisson algebras over a field of characteristic zero. This answers a question of MarkerLimanov and Umirbaev in the affirmative.

Endogenous non-coding small RNAs usually consist of 20–24 nucleotides, are found ubiquitously throughout the genome and play important regulatory roles in most eucaryotes. In this study, a new kind of PCR-based marker approach using multi-mapped small RNA sequences, called inter small RNA polymorphism (iSNAP), was developed. iSNAP primers were designed based on multi-mapped small RNA and its tw...

Instantaneous inclination angles between the whole body center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP) during gait were reported to detect gait instability in the elderly [1]. Accurate calculation of the COP requires a single foot placement on each force plate. However, many studies indicated that older adults, especially fallers, walk with a significantly smaller step than young adults [2,3...

Using a modified Press-Schechter formalism we analytically derive two constrained mass distribution functions: n(M) for the regions where the primordial potential perturbations are negative and n+(M) for the regions where they are positive. We use the SCDM model with with Γ = 0.25 and σ8 = 1 as a fiducial one, which agrees with the COBE measurements. We show that n−(M) is systematically greater...

In this paper we present several numerical algorithms for registering fiducials in planar CT or MRI images to their corresponding three-dimensional locations. The unique strength of these methods is their ability to robustly handle incomplete fiducials patterns, even in extreme cases when as much as one third of the fiducial data is missing from the images. We compare the effectiveness of these...

In this paper, we propose a hybrid similarity measure for 2D-3D image registration that is a weighted combination of an intensitybased image similarity measure and a point-based measure incorporating a single fiducial marker. We evaluate its accuracy and robustness using gold-standard clinical spine image data. The use of one fiducial marker substantially improves registration accuracy and robu...