Marine biogeochemistry refers to the processes associated with the planktonic ecosystem of the ocean. These are central to nutrient, carbon, and energy cycling, as well as providing the basis of the marine food chain. The field is being revolutionized by new data types and observing platforms, as well as by improvements in ocean modelling brought about by increasing computer power. To further o...

Oceans and seas represent over 70% of the earth’s surface. Furthermore, living aquaticresources can provide a significant contribution to food, energy, and biobased products. However, marine ecosystems are subject to increasing pressures and competing usages, resulting from resources over-exploitation and pollution. In order to produce efficient marine management plans, it is essential to consi...

Our aim in this paper is to present a brief overview of the scaled hydrokinetic turbine model testing activities in the United States using test turbines specifically designed by the US Department of Energy for its Marine and Hydrokinetic Research and Development program. These test turbines include: (1) a three-bladed horizontal axis turbine (the Sandia turbine) that was designed to demonstrat...

margins contain vast reserves of gas hydrate, a frozen form of natural gas that is embedded in cold, near-seafloor strata. Published estimates suggest that the energy represented by gas hydrate may exceed the energy available from conventional fossil fuel by a factor of 2 or more. Understanding marine hydrate systems has become critical for long-term worldwide energy planning. Groups in several...

The notion that predators can affect their prey without killing them is widely supported in the ecological literature yet rarely applied by marine mammal studies. We present three case studies in which patterns of time allocation by individual marine mammal foragers were used to index the sublethal effects of predators on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and du...

Extremely low abundance microorganisms (members of the "rare biosphere") are believed to include dormant taxa, which can sporadically become abundant following environmental triggers. Yet, microbial transitions from rare to abundant have seldom been captured in situ, and it is uncertain how widespread these transitions are. A bloom of a single ribotype (≥99% similarity in the 16S ribosomal RNA ...

In this study, we compiled existing records of fouling marine non-native species in Scotland, and created a national checklist of these species. We then targeted a selection of these species (excluding those that could not be reliably identified) in a rapid assessment survey of 27 harbours in the north of Scotland. Collation of existing records revealed that 23 fouling marine non-native species...