Historically, platelet transfusion has proven a reliable way to treat patients suffering from thrombocytopenia or similar ailments. An undersupply of donors, however, has demanded alternative platelet sources. Scientists have therefore sought to recapitulate the biological events that convert hematopoietic stem cells into platelets in the laboratory. Such platelets have shown good function and ...

Production of clostridial vaccines involves growing the organism (clostridial bacteria) in a growth medium to produce large amounts of toxins, and altering the toxins so that they are no longer toxic, toxoids. These toxoids become antigens which the immune system recognises and hence produces antibodies to act against genuine toxins. After cultivation the live bacteria in the culture must be de...

− The molecular imprinting technique is a reliable technique for the preparation of materials of predetermined selectivity. It is highly significant in research of the structure of enzyme, mechanism of receptor-antibody and analytical chemistry. In analytical separation science, molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied in several analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography, cap...

Over the past two years the application of ketoreductases in the commercial synthesis of chiral alcohols has undergone a revolution. Biocatalysts are now often the preferred catalyst for the synthesis of chiral alcohols via ketone reduction and are displacing reagents and chemocatalysts that only recently were considered break-through process solutions themselves. Tailor-made enzymes can now be...

Canola (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae) research in Virginia began in the mid 1980s. A concerted and focused cooperative effort was initiated, with USDA-CSREES-National Canola Research Program funds, in 1993 by Virginia’s two Land Grant Universities: Virginia State University and Virginia Tech. A major goal of this effort, until recently, has been establishment of canola as a domestic source o...

The diets of many butterflies and moths change dramatically with development: from herbivory in the larvae to nectarivory in the adults. These diets are nutritionally distinct, and thus are likely to contribute differentially to egg manufacture. We examine the use of dietary resources in egg manufacture by four butterfly species with different patterns of oviposition and lifespan; three in the ...

Tool manufacture and use are observed not only in humans but also in other animals such as mammals, birds and insects. Manufactured tools are used for biomechanical functions such as effective control of fluids and small solid objects and extension of reaching. These tools are passive and used with gravity and the animal users' own energy. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, manufactu...

In the area of biodefense, BIO represents a broad mix of small, medium and large companies involved in the research, development and manufacture of medical countermeasures or MCMs. These companies develop and manufacture biological products for the detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and delivery of countermeasures in response to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) eve...

Innovative tool manufacture is rare and hard to isolate in animals. We show that an Indonesian generalist parrot, the Goffin's cockatoo, can flexibly and spontaneously transfer the manufacture of stick-type tools across three different materials. Each material required different manipulation patterns, including substrates that required active sculpting for achieving a functional, elongated shape.

This research is about manufacture nanopowder Bioceramics from local materials used Ball Milling for biomedical applications. Source materials for the manufacture of medicines are plants, animal tissues, microbial structures and engineering biomaterial. The form of raw material medicines is a powder before mixed. In the case of medicines, research is to find sources of biomedical materials that...