Louis Émile Javal was a pioneer in the early history of orthoptics (Figure 1). To anyone knowledgeable about binocular vision, the name Javal conjures up discussions of physiological diplopia, stereoscopes, and fusion training exercises. Javal was a prolific designer of optical devices to use in orthoptic training and ushered in a new era of binocular instrumentation.1–4 Although Wheatstone is ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of biometry in the post-op phase of cataract surgery. METHODS This study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from June 2015 to July 2016, and comprised the audit of patients who underwent cataract surgery during the period. Keratometry was done on Haag-Strait manual keratometer and A-scan was done by applanation contact method on SonoMed mac...

Attempts to describe normal corneal shape and to represent corneal topography by an array of discrete points have limited usefulness. A quantitative photogrammetric method that produces indices to describe corneal shape was developed. Four indices depict the departure of keratographic rings from circularity, and two indices express the trends and consistencies of all the rings from one keratogr...

The aim of this work is to compare the findings of keratometric values and their differences at various refractive errors. The eccentricity of the cornea in the sense compared to the possible influence of refraction of the eye is topographically observed. Groups of myopia, hyperopia and emmetropia (as a control group) are always represented in total 600 eyes. The studied cohort in total of 300 ...

Unusual Secondary Displacement of Intacs Segments—Superimposition of Distal Ends We report a case of unusual secondary displacement of intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs; Addition Technology, Des Plaines, Illinois) away from the incision to the extent that the inferior ends overlapped in the tunnel. A 57-year-old man presented with unilateral keratoconus in the left eye with recent cont...

Purpose To compare biometric parameters between primary angle closure with longer axial length (AL) and those with medium or shorter AL. Methods We prospectively recruited 138 primary angle-closure patients. Low-coherence interferometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy examinations were performed before laser peripheral iridotomy and pilocarpine treatment. AL was categorized as shorter (<22.5 mm)...

PURPOSE To compare preoperative methods for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power versus the intraoperative wavefront aberrometer in eyes with a history of refractive surgery. METHODS A retrospective study of 46 eyes (33 patients) with previous refractive surgery that underwent subsequent cataract surgery was conducted. Suggested IOL power predicted by ORange intraoperative wavefront aberr...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of refractive surgery on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, compare methods of IOL power calculation after refractive surgery, evaluate the effect of pre-refractive surgery refractive error on IOL deviation, review the literature on determining IOL power after refractive surgery, and introduce a formula for IOL calculation for use after refractive surgery f...

PURPOSE To compare long-term keratometric changes after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 168 corneas after PK for keratoconus (85 eyes of 63 subjects) and Fuchs dystrophy (83 eyes of 60 subjects). Patients were examined after final suture removal at 12 months after PK to 30 years after surgery. Operations were p...