Growth hormone (GH) secretion affects bone and cartilage physiology. This study investigated the effect of GH on the size of the craniofacial structures and their angular relationship. Three different models of mice with a genetically altered GH axis were used: GH excess (giant), dwarf GH antagonist (dwarf-Ant), and dwarf GH receptor knockout (dwarf-KO) mice. Each model was compared with the co...

Background: Smile plays a significant role in facial attractiveness and social interactions. The present study aimed to evaluate the smile subjects treated with extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment modality. Materials Methods: Frontal smiling photographs of 100 orthodontically an age range 16-25 years were taken divided into two groups each having 50 subjects. Group I (ANB 0° 4° )...

AIM To assess if mandibular incisor proclination and protrusion during treatment with the Herbst/multibracket appliance can be prevented through simple screws (MIs) anchorage. MATERIAL AND METHODS After a statistical power analysis, 12 Herbst patients with MIs (100% MIs survival) ligated to the Herbst/multibracket appliance to reinforce anchorage were investigated. A control group matched for...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify possible dentoskeletal parameters associated with variation of anterior tooth inclination in Angle Class II subdivisions. METHODS Pre-treatment lateral radiographs of 144 Class II patients (68 males, 76 females) aged 9 to 17 years were classified for upper incisor inclination into three groups (proclined, normally inclined, retroclined) h...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Class III malocclusions are considered as one of the most complex orthodontic problems to diagnose and treat. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the morphologic characteristics of craniofacial complex in patients with this malocclusion. The aim of this study was to determine the dentofacial characteristics of Class III malocclusion in Mashhadian adults. MATE...

BACKGROUND The boundaries for orthodontic tooth movement are set by the bony support of the dentition. This study compares the mandibular anterior alveolar housing in individuals with low, average, and high mandibular plane angles before orthodontic treatment and measures alveolar bone loss and root resorption after orthodontic treatment. METHODS Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CB...

Deep overbite has potentially detrimental effects on mandibular and temporomandibular joint function and periodontal health as well as esthetics. Incisor intrusion can be achieved with various treatment modalities. The most commonly used is the utility arch technique. In mini-implant anchorage system, forces can be applied to produce tooth movement in any direction without detrimental reciproca...

With one exception, the English dental literature reveals no report of natal or neonatal teeth associated with anomalous development of their permanent successors. In a singular longitudinal study of 12 infants with natal mandibular incisor teeth, Gardiner reported essentially normal subsequent development, except for one infant with natal mandibular central incisors whose permanent replacement...

The amount of available bone in the lower incisor region is critical for periodontal preservation when planning large anteroposterior dental movements. The aims of this study were to evaluate bone limits of the lower incisors in the mandibular symphysis and to verify whether they are influenced by facial growth patterns, lower incisor inclinations, skeletal anteroposterior relationships, or pat...

AIM The aims of this study were to evaluate the dental changes brought about by activator and activator headgear combination (ACHG) and to determine whether we can achieve control over the lower incisor proclination which is a side effect of using functional appliances; or not, while treating cases of skeletal class II malocclusions. METHODS Lateral cephalograms of 45 skeletal class II divisi...