The threshold voltage and current necessary for ventricular defibrillation was measured in dogs using capacitor-discharge and half-sinusoidal pulses of current of various durations. From these quantities the electrical strength required for defibrillation was determined and expressed as energy, peak current, and charge per gram of heart. The optimum current duration depends on the criterion sel...

Female weanling rats received small (1 mAmp for 5 sec) electrolytic lesions in the paraventricular nuclei. Sham-operated rats served as controls. The rats were maintained for 42 days and body weight, linear growth, Lee Index, food intake and efficiency of food utilization were determined throughout the study. Plasma glucose, glycerol, free fatty acids, total protein and carcass fat and protein ...

Biofloc technology (BFT) application offers benefits in improving aquaculture production that could contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. This technology could result in higher productivity with less impact to the environment. Furthermore, biofloc systems may be developed and performed in integration with other food production, thus promoting productive integrated syst...

Successful pathogens have evolved strategies to interfere with host immune systems. For example, the ubiquitous plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae injects two sequence-distinct effectors, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, to intercept convergent innate immune responses stimulated by multiple microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, the direct host targets and precise molecular mechanisms of b...

Plant-specific remorin proteins reside in subdomains of plasma membranes, originally termed membrane rafts. They probably facilitate cellular signal transduction by direct interaction with signaling proteins such as receptor-like kinases and may dynamically modulate their lateral segregation within plasma membranes. Recent evidence suggests such functions of remorins during plant-microbe intera...

Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of "PAMP...

Defense against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses requires the plant to distinguish between self and non-self signaling molecules. Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are pivotal for triggering innate immunity in plants. Unlike in animals and humans, the precise roles of nucleic acids in plant innate immunity are unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of infil...

BACKGROUND Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is widely used during thyroid surgery. During both intermittent and continuous IONM stimulation of the vagus nerve is performed. This has previously been reported to be safe. METHODS We present our findings based on the case reports of 2 patients. RESULTS IONM of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), following the standards of the Internationa...

Meloidogyne incognita, the root-knot nematode (RKN), a devastating plant parasitic nematode, causes considerable damage to agricultural crops worldwide. As sedentary root parasite, it alters root’s physiology and influences host’s phytohormonal signaling evade defense. The sustainable management of RKN remains challenging task. Hence, we made an attempt investigate nematicide activity Bacillus ...