abstract pragmatics is the study of communicative action in its sociocultural context. communicative action includes not only using speech acts (such as apologizing, complaining, complimenting, and requesting), but also engaging in different types of discourse and participating in speech events of varying length and complexity. the present study aimed to investigate the assessment of pragm...

the current study examined iranian undergraduate efl students’ willingness to communicate with regard to their vocabulary knowledge. in general, participants were somewhat willing to communicate in english. the total mean score of 730 university students’ perception of willing to communicate was 83.53 out of 135. results, regarding four parts of willingness to communicate, revealed that part...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

Background and purpose: Considering the pathologic importance of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis (OA), this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and oxidative stress markers in patients with knee OA. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of 152 patients with knee OA attending health centers in Zabol, Iran (...

Introduction: Elevated liver enzymes and decreased total antioxidant capacity increase the risk of liver disease. Bread can be a good carrier for adding nutrients and effective herbs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bread enriched with Portulaca Oleracea on liver enzymes, and some oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: Th...

Background: physical exercise could induce lipid peroxidation as a result of oxidative stress. And intake of antioxidant compound may alleviate this stress by enhancing antioxidant defense. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation as an antioxidant on the lipid peroxidation and serum total antioxidant capacity following exhaustive continuous aerobic exercise in ...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...