Utilization of l-malic acid by yeast strain Hansenula anomala IGC 4380 is subject to glucose repression. Derepressed mutants were obtained with UV light by use of the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose as a selective agent. Three mutant strains degraded l-malic acid in the presence of up to 30% (wt/vol) glucose and are of potential interest for the biological deacidification of grap...

The intracellular locations of six key enzymes of Crassulacean acid metabolism were determined using enzymically isolated mesophyll protoplasts of Sedum praealtum D.C. Data from isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation established the chloroplastic location of pyruvate Pi dikinase, the mitochondrial location of NAD-linked malic enzyme, and exclusively nonparticulate (not associated wit...

To better understand precursors of dicarboxylic acids in ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA), we studied C4–C9 present SOA formed from the oxidation toluene, naphthalene, α-pinene, and isoprene. were analyzed by offline derivatization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We revealed that C4 including succinic acid, maleic fumaric malic DL-tartaric meso-tartaric acid are produced photooxida...

184.1005 Acetic acid. 184.1007 Aconitic acid. 184.1009 Adipic acid. 184.1011 Alginic acid. 184.1012 α-Amylase enzyme preparation from Bacillus stearothermophilus. 184.1021 Benzoic acid. 184.1024 Bromelain. 184.1025 Caprylic acid. 184.1027 Mixed carbohydrase and protease enzyme product. 184.1033 Citric acid. 184.1034 Catalase (bovine liver). 184.1061 Lactic acid. 184.1063 Enzyme-modified lecithi...

Malolactic enzymes (MLE) are known to directly convert L-malic acid into L-lactic acid with a catalytical requirement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD (+) ) and Mn ( 2+) ; however, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. To study a MLE, the structural gene from Oenococcus oeni strain DSM 20255 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding 22.9 kU l (-1) fermentation broth...

Fern spermatozoids respond chemotactically to concentration gradients of malic or maleic acid salts (Pfeffer, 1884). They respond weakly to salts of a few other dicarboxylic acids, but do not respond to succinate or fumarate (Shibata, 1911; Rothschild, 1956). Previous workers concluded, without adequate justification, that the malate ion, and not the undissociated malic acid molecule, is chemot...

Acid stress is a challenging condition that yeast cells must overcome during fermentation. Enhancing the inherent tolerance of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae to organic acid stresses crucial for increasing fermentation efficiency and reducing economic costs. In previous study, we constructed strain SWY85S with improved citric by modifying second PEP4-allele. Malic dominant in grapefruit, w...