How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to male ones. Female bear brunt because they derive a smaller share their income spend larger budget on agri...

Rural households in developing countries often depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, many also pursue off-farm economic activities either to complement farm income or because they lack access agricultural land. employment is informal and temporary. Searching jobs can be associated with high transaction costs, which may a constraint some households’ participation employment. The ...

Smallholder farmers play a significant role in rural economic growth, as they contribute large portion of the workforce areas. Consumption less diverse diets and inadequate access to sufficient food poses danger for their health. We assessed security status nutrition smallholder farming households Imo State, South-East Nigeria. identified sources availability households, determined also factors...

Mobile money, a service that allows monetary value to be stored on a mobile phone and sent to other users via text messages, has been adopted by the vast majority of Kenyan households. We estimate that access to the Kenyan mobile money system M-PESA increased per capita consumption levels and lifted 194,000 households, or 2% of Kenyan households, out of poverty. The impacts, which are more pron...

We apply stochastic dominance tests to investigate trends in inequality in Australia over the period 1983 to 1998. Results show significant levels of inequalities in the income and expenditure distributions for the population as a whole as well as within population groups. We further find that the impact of the government’s tax and transfer redistribution scheme varied greatly among the differe...

A large proportion of two parent households transition into single parent households upon marital disruption. Single parent households, especially female headed households face an increase in the risk of poverty. This study focuses on whether widow status in India influences the likelihood of household headship in India. This study is based on the most recent National Family Health Survey 1998-...