Helpers in cooperatively breeding species forego all or part of their reproduction when remaining at home and assisting breeders to raise offspring. Different models of reproductive skew generate alternative predictions about the share of reproduction unrelated subordinates will get depending on the degree of ecological constraints. Concession models predict a larger share when independent bree...

Although modern assisted reproduction techniques is helping to overcome severe male factor infertility, conventional treatment modalities are still the first approach to male fertility disorders. The critical step in treating male infertility is to evaluate properly every male partner of an infertile couple and to generate the suitable treatment strategy. Specific medical management of infertil...

introduction toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important pathogen that has adverse effect on reproductive function. evidence acquisition recent studies revealed that infection with t. gondii not only affect female reproduction, also cause male reproductive impairment. in clinical studies, high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sterile men has been reported. in animal models, toxoplasmosis is as...

Androphilia refers to sexual attraction to adult males, whereas gynephilia refers to sexual attraction to adult females. Male androphilia is an evolutionary paradox. Its development is at least partially influenced by genetic factors, yet male androphiles exhibit lower reproductive output, thus raising the question of how genetic factors underlying its development persist. The sexual antagonism...

Guideline Title Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products Including Toxicity to Male Fertility *) Legislative basis Directive 75/318/EEC as amended Date of first adoption First adopted October 1983 This version incorporates version adopted September 1993 and addendum on male fertility adopted 1995. Date of entry into force June 1996 Status Last revised 1995 (male fertility) P...