conclusions to promote the effect of printed images on cigarette packages, it is recommended to consider the suitability of labels in the targeted culture. in addition, to be more effective consultation sites to quit smoking should be introduced under the images. background health warning labels on cigarette packages are among the most straightforward and important tools to communicate with smo...

The vascular endothelial function of smokers is known to be impaired. This study investigated whether cilostazol could improve the vasodilatory response of the brachial artery to ischemia, an indicator of endothelial function, in ten male smokers. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation of the brachial artery were measured in 11 male non-smokers and 20 ma...

Background: Recent studies show cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have the tendency to intermingle. Integration between some biological and homodynamic risk factors have made the new hypothesis for etiology of CVDs. The aim of this study was to determine the clustering pattern of metabolic variables and left ventricular (LV) mass among smoker and non-smoker individuals and the interrela...

The Malay people are an important ethnic composition in Southeast Asia, but their genetic make-up and population structure remain poorly studied. Here we conducted a genome-wide study of four geographical Malay populations: Peninsular Malaysian Malay (PMM), Singaporean Malay (SGM), Indonesian Malay (IDM) and Sri Lankan Malay (SLM). All the four Malay populations showed substantial admixture wit...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of tobacco smoking on serum vitamin B12, folic acid and haematological parameters in healthy Thai smokers and non-smokers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of smokers and non-smokers in a military unit in Bangkok, Thailand. SETTING A military unit in Thailand. SUBJECTS One hundred and twenty-three male smokers from a military unit in Bangkok, who particip...

We read with interest the study by Ghahremanfard et al.1 This interesting study observed the changes in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet morphological parameters in healthy male smokers. We would like to take this opportunity to share our scientific views on this wonderful published article. It was not stated clearly what was the rationale behind excluding the subjects who consumed anti-platelet...

OBJECTIVES There is evidence that smoking behaviour differs by ethnicity. This study aims to compare smoking behaviour characteristics between Caucasian and Malay smokers. METHODS A cross sectional survey, involving 175 smokers attending smoking cessation clinics at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom and University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between May 2005 and February ...

Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature, however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of wh...

malay home surroundings is varies in plants pattern as well as a variety of size. the plants speciescultivated own their particular reasons. malay house environment is so harmony with humans, mother nature alsoculture relationship has visualise a unique environmental design. in this accomplishing research, it will provide anunderstanding of plants adoption of malay house environment. environmen...

BACKGROUND Recent reports indicate that over the next decade rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women will exceed those in men in the western world, though in most jurisdictions, women continue to smoke less compared with men. Whether female adult smokers are biologically more susceptible to COPD is unknown. This study reviewed the available evidence to determine whether f...