Counterfactual thoughts are based on the assumption that one situation could result in multiple possible outcomes. This assumption underlies most theories of free will and contradicts deterministic views that there is only one possible outcome of any situation. Three studies tested the hypothesis that stronger belief in free will would lead to more counterfactual thinking. Experimental manipula...

There is a vast amount of textbooks associated with a number of critical aspects within the discipline of criminal justice. From a fundamental standpoint, a few of these publications offer a comprehensive look into the role of policing (Policing America: Challenges & Best Practices, 7 Edition; Peak, 2012 or Law Enforcement in the 21 Century; Grant & Terry, 2004), others examine various aspects ...

It is shown that the randomness of the firing times of neurons in decision-making attractor neuronal networks that is present before the decision cues are applied can cause statistical fluctuations that influence the decision that will be taken. In this rigorous sense, it is possible to partially predict decisions before they are made. This raises issues about free will and determinism. There a...

Experiences are remembered or forgotten, but the neural determinants for the mnemonic fate of experience are unknown. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify specific brain activations that differentiated between visual experiences that were later remembered well, remembered less well, or forgotten. During scanning of medial temporal lobe and frontal lobe region...

This paper deals with a breakthrough in the concept of free will in the human decision making. It is assumed that the consciousness and unconsciousness show the same mind processes in the human brain. The decision making initiates unconsciously in the human brain, and, eventually, becomes a conscious decision. So the free will is unconsciously prepared in the human brain. Then I conjecture that...

people with alzheimer disease (ad) have decreases in brain cell function that may increase their risks as drivers. the changes in brain cells affect memory (at first, short-term memory and then much later, long-term memory) and other thinking functions. in addition, people with early ad, though often very functional in many areas of life, may not be as competent behind the wheel of a car as tho...

will is the basis and foundation of contracts and possessions; almost without which no contract and possession can take the religious and legal affects. heart is the place of will, and because will has a high dignity, it cannot attributed to any matter unless it is declared and manifested. silence is one of the means of interpretation of the will. it, like utterance, scribe, deed and gesture, h...