Our previous study found that [6]-shogaol, a major bioactive component in ginger, is extensively metabolized in cancer cells and in mice. It is unclear whether these metabolites retain bioactivity. The aim of the current study is to synthesize the major metabolites of [6]-shogaol and evaluate their inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Twelve metabolites of [6]-...

Membrane vesicles were prepared by osmotic lysis of spheroplasts from M13-infected Escherichia coli. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase (reduced NAD: oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3) and Mg2+-Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3), which are normally localized to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, were 50% acceesible to their pol...

The p21-activated kinases (PAKs), in common with many kinases, undergo multiple autophosphorylation events upon interaction with appropriate activators. The Cdc42-induced phosphorylation of PAK serves in part to dissociate the kinase from its partners PIX and Nck. Here we investigate in detail how autophosphorylation events affect the catalytic activity of PAK by altering the autophosphorylatio...

The Advanced Camera for Surveys on-boardHST is equipped with a set of one grism and three prisms for low-resolution, slitless spectroscopy in the range 1150 Å to 10500 Å. The G800L grism provides optical spectroscopy between 5500 Å and> 1 μm with a mean dispersion of 39 Å/pix and 24 Å/pix (in the first spectral order) when coupled with the Wide Field and the High Resolution Channels, respective...

Previously, we showed PAK-PIX-GIT targets and regulates focal adhesions; here, we uncover a different function for the complex at the centrosome. Active PAK1 is particularly evident in mitosis and phosphorylates the centrosomal adaptor GIT1 on serine 517. Interestingly, direct centrosome targeting activates the kinase via a process not requiring Rho GTPases; excision of the centrosome prevents ...

The association of a receptor (Rs) of the Spm system with a Bz-1 allele has created a two-element Spm-controlled bz-mutable allele (bz-m13) of maize (Zea mays L.). In the absence of Spm, one copy of bz-m13 (bz/bz/bz-m13 ) conditions full anthocyanin production in the aleurone layer of the seed. In the presence of this Spm, bz-m13 produces a unique, coarsely variegated seed phenotype and has a h...

We present experimental measurements of the cholesteric-smectic phase transition of suspensions of charged semiflexible rods as a function of rod flexibility and surface charge. The rod particles consist of the bacteriophage M13 and closely related mutants, which are structurally identical to M13, but vary either in contour length and therefore ratio of persistence length to contour length, or ...

Controlling the assembly of basic structural building blocks in a systematic and orderly fashion is an emerging issue in various areas of science and engineering such as physics, chemistry, material science, biological engineering, and electrical engineering. The self-assembly technique, among many other kinds of ordering techniques, has several unique advantages and the M13 bacteriophage can b...

White Dwarfs (WDs) are the final evolutionary product of vast majority stars in Universe. They electron-degenerate structures characterized by no stable thermonuclear activity, and their evolution is generally described as a pure cooling process. Their rate adopted cosmic chronometer to constrain age several Galactic populations, including disk, globular open clusters. By analysing high-resolut...