Single-amplifier filter biquads and especially Sallen-Key filters are widely used to build higher-order filter cascades. This paper investigates high-frequency current amplifier non-idealities and their effects on all-pole Sallen-Key filter biquads. It is shown that a non-ideal current amplifier input causes parasitic zeros in the filter transfer function, and thus imposes fundamental limitatio...

This project is intended to build a microstrip low pass filter with a pass band till 3 GHz at 3 dB cutoff frequency. This project is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a conventional seven pole low pass filter using commensurate length 8 / g λ is designed by converting the value of g1 to g7 into unit elements as well as open circuit stubs. In second stage, a method to design low pass ...

Most communication system contains an RF front end which performs signal processing with RF filters. Micro strip filters are a low cost means of doing this. Micro strip filters play various roles in wireless or mobile communication systems. There is an increasing demand for newer microwave and millimetre-wave systems to meet the emerging telecommunication challenges with respect to size, perfor...

This paper presents a new current-mode current-controlled four-input five-output universal filter employing one current-controlled current conveyor (CCCII), one electronically tunable CCCII and two grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration provides lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass current responses that taken from the high-output impedance terminals, which enable easy cas...

This paper comparatively evaluates the effect of real-time velocity estimation methods on passivity and fidelity of virtual walls implemented using haptic interfaces. Impedance width, or Z-width is a fundamental measure of performance in haptic devices. Limited accuracy of velocity estimates from position encoder data is an impediment in improving the Zwidth in haptic interfaces. We study the e...

Miniaturized Ultra-Wideband (UWB) microstrip bandpass filter with wide passband is presented. The filter is developed based on modified multiple mode resonator, which is formed by transversely attaching three pairs of non-uniform and folded stubs with lowpass and highpass sections. Both sides of high-impedance section are linked with two feed lines via direct coupled lines, resulting UWB bandpa...

The model developed by Usui and Hirata was used to simulate the pupil response to a light stimulus based on autonomic nervous activity, such as sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. This model was recreated in SIMULINK finding that it did not consider the limitations of the pupil in frequency which Stark was reported. The pupil acts as a lowpass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1.5 Hz app...