There is a need to identify turfgrass species and mixtures for golf course fairways that can be managed sustainably with reduced fertility, pesticides, irrigation. The current study evaluated Agrostis stolonifera L. (creeping bentgrass [AST]), capillaris (colonial [ACP]), canina (velvet [ACN]), Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin (Chewings fescue [FRC]), brevipila Tracey (hard [FBP]), littorali...