Stretchable electronics offer soft, biocompatible mechanical properties; these same properties make them susceptible to device failure associated with physical impact. This paper studies designs for stretchable electronics that resist failure from impacts due to incorporation of a viscoelastic encapsulation layer. Results indicate that the impact resistance depends on the thickness and viscoela...

Process-induced strain dependence of impact ionization efficiency (IIE) in nMOSFETs with a tensile contact etch stop layer (CESL) is presented for the first time. From the universal relationship between the IIE and the electric field in the pinch-off region, a difference in the IIE of nMOSFETs between without and with the tensile CESL is found. This result can be mainly attributed to the narrow...

The paper describes an improvement of the chopper method for elimination of parasitic voltages in a low resistance comparison and measurement procedure. The basic circuit diagram along with a short description of the working principle are presented and the appropriate low resistance comparator prototype was designed and realized. Preliminary examinations confirm the possibility of measuring ext...

The ultrastructure of low resistance junctions between segments of lateral giant fibers in crayfish is studied in sections from specimens fixed either by conventional methods or by glutaraldehyde-H(2)O(2) or by glutaraldehyde-lanthanum. Cross sections through junctions fixed by conventional glutaraldehyde display the usual trilaminar profile of two parallel membranes separated by a narrow gap. ...

Health impact assessment (HIA) has been advanced as a means of bringing potential health impacts to the attention of policy makers, particularly in sectors where health impacts may not otherwise be considered. This article examines lessons for HIA in the United States from the related and relatively well-developed field of environmental impact assessment (EIA). We reviewed the EIA literature an...

Health impact assessment (HIA) can ensure that health is a core element of sustainable urban planning. Based on the experience of the NSW HIA Project, we discuss the current strengths of HIA and challenges facing it as an urban sustainability tool across five areas: the use of evidence; integrating HIA with environmental impact assessments; including consideration of equity; recognising wider d...

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