introduction: in this study, arrangement of a low-cost optical tomography device compared to other methods such as frequency domain diffuse tomography or time domain diffuse tomography is reported. this low-cost diffuse optical imaging technique is based on the detection of light after propagation in tissue. these detected signals are applied to predict the location of in-homogeneities inside p...

supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co2) was used as solvent to synthesize oleyl oleate as an analog of jojoba oil from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol with high conversion (100%) of the acid into ester in a short time of 100 min. utilizing a low cost solid catalyst, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (ptsa), the esterification reaction was performed, without any prior preparation step, in a flow mod...

alkanedisulfamic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (adsa-mnps) were used as effective, low-cost and reusable solid heterogeneous nanomagnetic catalysts for conversion of aldehydes and ketones to corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (30% w/w in h2o) at room temperature. these compounds are important key intermediates in...

During the polymerization of aniline using copper sulphate, act as an oxidizing agent, the in-situ synthesized Cu(I) ion catalyzed the cyclo-addition between azides and alkynes. This work represents the merging of two steps, synthesis of the catalyst and application of the catalyst, in a one pot reaction. The elimination of the separate catalyst synthesis step is economic in terms of cost and t...

Replacement of precious noble metal catalysts with low-cost, non-noble heterogeneous catalysts for chemoselective reduction and reductive coupling of nitro compounds holds tremendous promise for the clean synthesis of nitrogen-containing chemicals. We report a robust cobalt-nitrogen/carbon (Co-N x /C-800-AT) catalyst for the reduction and reductive coupling of nitro compounds into amines and th...

Hierarchical nanostructured spherical carbon with hollow macroporous core in combination with mesoporous shell has been explored to support Pt cathode catalyst with high metal loading in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The hollow core-mesoporous shell carbon (HCMSC) has unique structural characteristics such as large specific surface area and mesoporous volume, ensuring uniform disp...

Selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) method is commonly used in wet denitration technology; NO after the catalytic oxidation can be removed with SO2 together by wet method. Among the SCO denitration catalysts, pyrolysis coke is favored by the advantages of low cost and high catalytic activity. In this paper, SCO method combined with pyrolysis coke catalyst was used to remove NO from flue gas. Th...

fertilizer plant waste carbon slurry has been investigated after some processing as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes and phenols using columns. the results show that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry being porous and having appreciable surface area (380 m2/g) can remove dyes both cationic (meldola blue, methylene blue, chrysoidine g, crystal violet) as well as anionic (...

Sustainable hydrogen production can be achieved efficiently by steam reforming of bio-ethanol. The use low-cost and abundant minerals as catalyst supports further improve the sustainability process....

Petrochemical and Petroleum refining sector has become the backbone of the economical development. The costs of all the consumer goods are closely governed by cost of petroleum products. Diesel and petrol are two most widely used liquid fuels in the world. The cost of the fuel depends on the raw material. The optimization of the reaction carried out in these industries can save some cost and ad...