Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian subcontinent with approximately 21 million people [1]. The country has been recently identified as a Lower Middle Income Country (LMIC) based on World Bank ratings with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of 3800 USD in 2015 [1, 2]. With an excellent human development index, Sri Lanka boasts of excellent health indicators on par with high income countri...

There is increasing international recognition of the need to build capacity to strengthen mental health systems. This is a fundamental goal of the 'Emerging mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries' (Emerald) programme, which is being implemented in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda). This paper discusses Emerald...

INTRODUCTION The number of HIV-infected children and adolescents requiring second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, the effectiveness of paediatric second-line ART and potential risk factors for virologic failure are poorly characterized. We performed an aggregate analysis of second-line ART outcomes for children and assessed ...

BACKGROUND Researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are under-represented in scientific literature. Mapping of authorship of articles can provide an assessment of data ownership and research capacity in LMICs over time and identify variations between different settings. METHODS Systematic mapping of maternal health interventional research in LMICs from 2000 to 2012, comparing c...

Identification of the causative pathogen in infectious diseases is important for surveillance and to guide treatment. In low- middle-income countries (LMIC), conventional culture identification methods, including biochemical are reference-standard. Biochemical methods can lack sensitivity specificity have slow turnaround times, causing delays definitive therapy. Matrix-assisted laser desorption...

    In 2010, the World Bank categorized countries in per capita gross domestic product in terms of purchasing power parity (at constant 1990 prices) in three categories: low, middle (lower and upper) and high income. If a country caught at least 28 years in lower middle income level and at least 14 years caught in upper middle-income level, then they are trapped in lower middle and upper middle...

The objectives of this overview are to describe the past and potential contributions of birth cohorts to understanding chronic disease aetiology; advance a justification for the maintenance of birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); provide an audit of birth cohorts from LMIC; and, finally, offer possible future directions for this sphere of research. While the contribution ...

Neuropsychiatric conditions are a leading cause of disability globally (Whiteford et al. 2013), yet the gap between population need and the availability of evidence-based mental health services is wide even in high-income countries (Demyttenaere et al. 2004). Efforts to understand this gap have led to an expansion of global mental health (GMH) research, particularly in low-and middle-income cou...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between hypoxaemia and mortality from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies reporting on the association between hypoxaemia and death from ALRI in children below five years in LMIC. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase,...