The effect of small urban areas on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity is analysed for Spain. The results shown that the CG-flash number is enhanced within and downwind the most of towns considered and that large population and higher SO2 concentration contribute to the increase of the number of CG-flashes. INTRODUCTION AND DATA Several studies have reported that large cities of the USA are...

"We report on a project that converted subnational population data to a raster of cells on the earth. We note that studies using satellites as collection devices yield results indexed by latitude and longitude. Thus it makes sense to assemble the terrestrial arrangement of people in a compatible manner. This alternative is explored here, using latitude/longitude quadrilaterals as bins for popu...

In this communication an attempt has been made to find out distribution of solar radiation, using the concept of solar fraction inside a conventional (single slope) solar still by using AUTOCAD 2000 for a given solar azimuth and altitude angle and latitude, longitude of the place. Further the experimental validation of the model developed earlier has been carried out for design and climatic par...