The authors have studied the activity rhythm of Syrian hamsters exposed to square LD cycles with a 22-h period (T22) with the aim of testing the effects of the previous history on the rhythmic pattern. To do so, sequential changes of different lighting environments were established, followed by the same LD condition. Also, the protocol included T22 cycles with varying lighting contrasts to test...

Many groups of insects are specialists in exploiting sensory cues to locate food resources or conspecifics. To achieve orientation, bees and ants analyze the polarization pattern of the sky, male moths orient along the females' odor plume, and cicadas, grasshoppers, and crickets use acoustic signals to locate singing conspecifics. In comparison with olfactory and visual orientation, where learn...

Due to the prospect of using walking robots in an impassable environment for tracked or wheeled vehicles, locomotion is one most remarkable accomplishments robotic history. Walking robots, however, are still being deeply researched and created. Locomotion over irregular terrain energy consumption among major problems. require many actuators cross different terrains, leading substantial energy. ...

The simple and well-characterized nervous system of C. elegans facilitates the analysis of mechanisms controlling behavior. Locomotion is a major behavioral output governed by multiple external and internal signals. Here, we examined the roles of low- and high-threshold mechanosensors in locomotion, using high-resolution and detailed analysis of locomotion and its dynamics. This analysis reveal...

Locomotion intent prediction is essential for the control of powered lower-limb prostheses to realize smooth locomotion transitions. In this research, we develop a multi-sensor fusion based locomotion intent prediction system, which can recognize current locomotion mode and detect locomotion transitions in advance. Seven able-bodied subjects were recruited for this research. Signals from two fo...

downward phase of dose-response morphine converted u shape curve was chosen as a base for investigating the effects of different doses of naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg) on morphine reward/aversion properties using place preference method. first, male wistar rats (200-220 g) were received morphine (1-7.5 mg/kg) for place conditioning and marginal dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) calculated by graphpad soft...