Recent research finds that the opening of mines in Africa increases risk local protests and conflict. However, few empirical studies have analysed effect ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) mining companies on conflicts extraction areas. This study investigates relationship between CSR payments African communities using econometric techniques. We create explore a large dataset by 292 across...

1 – introductiontourism is a powerful force of change in the economy in both the developed and in the least developed countries. due to the formation of the concept of sustainable development, tourism industry as well as like other industries has been seeking ways to further alignment with the concept. sustainable tourism as a form of alternative tourism, is seeking to improve the quality of li...

One increasingly successful approach to enhancing small farm viability is for farmers to market their products directly to consumers and food-oriented businesses and institutions within their local area. This localized approach to food production and distribution is based on theoretical concepts often articulated as community, local or regional food systems. But is there sufficient consumer sup...

There is an enormous stress on livelihood analysis of rural communities and their economies. Village common property resources (CPRs) have played a substantial economic role for the sustenance in rural areas of the drylands. The CPRs of drylands of western Rajasthan shows a varied range of habitats due to strong functional disparities in topographic, geomorphological, climatic, edaphic and phys...

Dispersal among local communities can have a variety of effects on species composition and diversity at local and regional scales. Local conditions (e.g., resource and predator densities) can have independent effects, as well as interact with dispersal, to alter these patterns. Based on metacommunity models, we predicted that local diversity would show a unimodal relationship with dispersal fre...