Tissue clonality can be assessed in females by analyzing the methylation status of polymorphic DNA markers on X-linked genes because extensive de novo methylation of one allele at the preimplantation stage is associated with its permanent inactivation. We applied X chromosome inactivation toward understanding human breast morphogenesis by examining the nonmalignant breast epithelium from two re...

By RAYMOND D. A. PETERSON AND ROBERT A. GooD T HE CHICKEN has two distinct gut-associated lymphoid organs, the thymus and the bursa of Fabriciiis ( fig. 1 ) . Although these organs lie at opposite ends of the chicken’s gastrointestinal tract, they have certain similarities that have prompted investigators to consider them together.1’2 The lobules of lymphoid tissue that characterize both of the...

The cerebellum is important in coordinating many vital functions including speech, motion, and eye movement. Accurate delineation of sub-regions of the cerebellum, into cerebellar lobules, is needed for studying the region specific decline in function from cerebellar pathology. In this work, we present an automated cerebellar lobule segmentation method using graph cuts, with a region-based term...

The influence of a tryptophan enriched diet (L-tryptophan added as 1% of total diet), fed over 10 days, on the rat duodenum and pancreas was studied by immunohistology, measurements of serotonin and tryptophan tissue concentrations by HPLC, and incubations of pancreatic lobules. Ingestion of a tryptophan enriched diet resulted in increased contents of tryptophan and serotonin in the duodenum th...

Multilobular tumor of bone detected in a 2.5-year-old male Pekingese dog is reported. Grossly, the neoplasm consisted of multiple, variably sized, gritty, grayish-white to yellow nodules separated by thick collagenous septa. Histologically, these nodules contained multiple lobules of irregularly shaped and sized islands of well-differentiated osteoid and cartilage, separated by anastomosing fib...

Humeral chondrosarcoma was found in an 18-year-old male Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis). Necropsy revealed a large firm mass under the left superficial pectoral muscle at the axillary region. The mass involved the left shoulder joint and peripheral muscles, and connected to the head of the humerus with osteolysis. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of irregularly shaped myx...

Trichogerminoma is a rare neoplasm which was first described in 1992 and there is still controversy over its inclusion into the spectrum of trichoblastoma. A 79-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of an asymptomatic nodule on the left posterior neck. Histologically, the lesion revealed a well-demarcated deep dermal nodule surrounded by a pseudocapsule. The tumor was composed of lobul...

DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_746_16 A 45-year-old male presented with a single, asymptomatic swelling over the left cheek of 10-year duration. Cutaneous examination revealed solitary 7 mm × 7 mm skin colored to slightly hyperpigmented nontender nodule over the left malar area adjacent to the nose [Figure 1]. It was soft in consistency with limited mobility. The overlying skin was apparently normal with...

The cerebellum is instrumental in coordinating many vital functions ranging from speech and balance to eye movement. The effect of cerebellar pathology on these functions is frequently examined using volumetric studies that depend on consistent and accurate delineation, however, no existing automated methods adequately delineate the cerebellar lobules. In this work, we describe a method we call...