Fishery managers must understand the dynamics of fishers and their prey to successfully predict the outcome of management actions. We measured the impact of a two-day exclusively recreational fishery on Caribbean spiny lobster in the Florida Keys, USA, over large spatial scales (>100 km) and multiple years and used a theoretical, predator-prey functional response approach to identify whether or...

this study was performed to determine the effect of copper on growth performance, blood metabolites and claw health in young holstein bulls in a humid area in north of iran. one hundred and two young holstein bulls (initial body weight= 377.3±17.1 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a completely randomized design for 56 days. the treatment groups received: (1) the basal diet of no ...

1. Previous evidence demonstrates that closing force decreases proportionally as fiddler crab claw size increases. Larger crabs do have greater absolute closing force, but less than would be expected if claw proportions were isometric. In the Mud Fiddler Crab, Uca pugnax , this is explained by a decrease in mechanical advantage with increasing claw size. 2. We here re-measure mechanical advanta...

Background:   Many of the patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) are admitted because of neurological symptoms, while some are admitted because of their orthopedic, urologic, anorectal, and dermatologic manifestations.Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome on patient outcome. Methods: Fourty-three patients who und...

In this paper, we prove that a 2-connected weighted graph G contains either a Hamilton cycle or a cycle of weight at least 2m/3 if it satisfies the following conditions: (1) ∑3 i=1 d (vi) ≥ m, where v1, v2 and v3 are three pairwise nonadjacent vertices of G, and two of them are nonadjacent vertices of an induced claw or an induced modified claw; (2) In each induced claw and each induced modifie...

claw capsule lesions are the most common cause’s lameness in cows. during the entire year of 2005 a survey was undertaken by sir author on the prevalence of different claw lesions causing lameness on 30882 cases of culled cows and bulls at central abttoir in the vicinity of ardebil which was well equiped and with new constructions. after recording information for each case, the feet were amputa...

A stable cutset in a connected graph is a stable set whose deletion disconnects the graph. Let K4 and K1,3 (claw) denote the complete (bipartite) graph on 4 and 1+ 3 vertices. It is NP-complete to decide whether a line graph (hence a claw-free graph) with maximum degree five or a K4-free graph admits a stable cutset. Here we describe algorithms deciding in polynomial time whether a claw-free gr...

Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) is a medicinal plant from the Amazon River basin that is widely used for inflammatory disorders and was previously described as an inhibitor of NF-kB. Cat’s claw was prepared as a decoction (water extraction) of micropulverized bark with and without concentration by freeze-drying. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) were used in cytotoxicity assays (trypan blue e...

The stimulation of hemocytes during phagocytosis leads to the generation of a series of oxygen radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among these, hydrogen peroxide plays an important microbicidal role by directly killing microorganisms or by sewing as an intermediate for other antimicrobial radicals. In this study, we adapted a technique using 2',7'dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH...

Ryjacek [Z. Ryjáček: On a closure concept in claw-free graphs. Journal of Combinatorial Theory Ser. B 70 (1997), 217-224] defined a powerful closure operation cl(G) on claw-free graphs G. Very recently, Ryjacek, Yoshimoto and the talker developed the closure operation cl (G) on claw-free graphs which preserves the (non)-existence of a 2-factor. In this talk, we introduce a closure operation cl(...