We study a nonatomic congestion game with N parallel links, with each link under the control of a profit maximizing provider. Within this ‘load balancing game’, each provider has the freedom to set a price, or toll, for access to the link and seeks to maximize its own profit. Given prices, a Wardrop equilibrium among users is assumed, under which users all choose paths ofminimal and identical e...

Parallelization of adaptive algorithms leads to problems with parallel efficiency. Adaptation is a method which introduces dynamic perturbations to computational environment. This in turn causes problems with proper load balance. To ensure proper efficiency of a parallel simulation it is necessary to perform load balancing whenever certain threshold of load balance is breached. In this paper au...

Introduction When analytically defining radio frequency circuits, a common approach incorporates admittance or impedance. Admittance, which is symbolized by Y, is defined in terms of conductance G and an imaginary susceptance component, jB. Admittance is often useful when defining parallel elements in a network and is expressed by the complex algebraic equation Y = G + jB. Impedance, the mathem...

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are attractive candidates for harvesting electrical energy from mechanical work since they comprise relatively few moving parts and large elastomer sheets can be mass produced. Successfully demonstrations of the DEG prototypes have been reported from a diverse of energy sources, including ocean waves, wind, flowing water and human movement. The energy dens...

Many peer to peer file sharing systems to date rely in part upon centralized components or rigid network structure. The former approach typically sacrifices robustness for efficiency whereas the latter sacrifices efficiency for robustness. In this paper we present Kudzu, a system that is both fully decentralized and unstructured, yet outperforms today’s most popular file sharing system, BitTorr...

Abstract Trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is usually calculated as the ratio of production rates between two consecutive trophic levels. Although seemingly simple, TTE estimates from lakes are rare. In our review, we explore processes and structures that must be understood for a proper lake estimate. We briefly discuss measurements positions mention how ecological efficiencies, nutrients (N, P...

In this article, we discuss cognitive load measurement techniques with regard to their contribution to cognitive load theory (CLT). CLT is concerned with the design of instructional methods that efficiently use people’s limited cognitive processing capacity to apply acquired knowledge and skills to new situations (i.e., transfer). CLT is based on a cognitive architecture that consists of a limi...

This paper presents a multi-year scenario-based methodology for transmission expansion planning (TEP) in order to enhance the available transfer capability (ATC). The ATC is an important factor for all players of electricity market who participate in power transaction activities and can support the competition and nondiscriminatory access to transmission lines among all market participants. The...