The paper discusses the functional design and the embodiment design of Epi.q Lizard, which is the last version of the Epi.q ground mobile robots family. Epi.q robots are equipped with underactuated stepping triple wheel locomotion units with epicyclical gearings, capable of switching between wheeled and legged locomotion without control intervention, depending on the dynamic condition of the ve...

Phylogenetic analyses of island lizard faunas suggest that patterns in species distributions and body size evolution are the result of resource competition.

Despite growing attention to the ecological and evolutionary importance of consistent individual differences in behaviour (animal personality), long-term field studies quantifying factors associated with behavioural repeatability remain rare. Here, we studied animal personalities over an 8-year period, representing 6 study years, a wild population long-lived sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. Using...

Seed rain mediated by frugivores is influenced by (1) the seed-deposition distances following fruit ingestion, (2) the disperser activity, as determined by its behaviour and habitat preferences, and (3) the structure of the habitat within the landscape. Here, we evaluated such components using the fleshy-fruited shrub Ephedra fragilis and the frugivorous Balearic lizard Podarcis lilfordi. We es...

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are regulatory neuropeptides of the hypothalamus-hypophyseal-adrenal axis, acting via the common receptors VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) and the selective PACAP receptor PAC(1). In the adrenal glands of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis sicula, the presence of VIP in chromaffin cells, and the VIP-stimul...

It was recently reported that the epaxial muscles of a lizard, Varanus salvator, function to stabilize the trunk during locomotion, and it was suggested that this stabilizing role may be a shared derived feature of amniotes. This result was unexpected because it had previously been assumed that the epaxial muscles of lizards function to produce lateral bending during locomotion and that only in...

Resource subsidies from external habitats can enhance the performance or population density of local consumers, altering their effects on in situ prey. Indirect effects of subsidies may be either positive or negative depending on the behavior of the shared consumer. Here we document strong links between riverine insects, riparian lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis), and terrestrial invertebrates....

Mobbing calls are produced by many avian species as part of a defence strategy against predators. However, as most studies have described small prey species, little is known of mobbing by species large enough to inflict harm on the predator when working cooperatively. We investigated the mobbing calls of the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen), a large, territorial songbird known to ...