background: toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and its sexual and asexual cycles, respectively take place in the intestinal epithelial cell of definitive host and tissue of intermediate hosts. congenital toxoplasmosis is more impor tant when the mother acquired the infection during pregnancy period for the first time. serological tests are the only meth ods for diagnosis of...

We discuss the problem of softening a hard quadratic bound to generate a personal prior probability distribution. The quadratic bound requires the model vector to live within a hyperspherical volume. Prior information suggests we may work in a finite-dimensional space, thus avoiding the known difficulties associated with infinite-dimensional spaces, and that values of the Euclidean 2-norm withi...

Live larvae of Aedes albopictus have been found entering South Africa in used tire casings imported from Japan on 3 separate occasions. This is the first evidence that this mosquito is entering Africa and underlines the value of mosquito monitoring programs to detect the importations of this important vector. It is suggested that undetected populations of Ae. albopictus may have already become ...

Let V be an n-dimensional real (or complex) vector space. Vectors that live in V are usually represented by a single column of n real (or complex) numbers. Linear operators act on vectors and are represented by square n×n real (or complex) matrices. If it is not specified, the representations of vectors and matrices described above implicitly assume that the standard basis has been chosen. That...

On 28 October, 1993, a live, partially engorged, female black-legged tick was removed from a dog in Kenora, 50 km east of the Manitoba border. The dog had never been out of the town. The Kenora Veterinary Clinic submitted the tick to the Vector-borne Diseases Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, for identification and spirochetal analysis and it ...

conclusions smm analysis provides valuable information on obstetric care. this study highlighted the need to improve antenatal care, which would help early identification of high-risk pregnancies. every smm could progress to maternal mortality if is not suspected, diagnosed and managed on its golden time. background investigating severe maternal morbidity/near miss is a newly recognized tool wh...

The diagnosis of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in small towns is sometimes made without the species identification of the Leishmania, even in areas without previous epidemiological surveys. Here we report the isolation of a Leishmania strain from a patient of Rincão, state of São Paulo, that was identified by isoenzyme characterization as L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Sand fly collections were mad...

Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation of SU(N) live on a two dimensional torus flatly embedded in R4. They interact with a four dimensional SU(N) Yang Mills vector potential preserving a global chiral symmetry at finite N . As the size of the torus in units of 1 ΛSU(N) is varied from small to large, the chiral symmetry gets spontaneously broken in the infinite N limit.