Cardiovascular diseases account for almost half of all deaths from noncommunicable diseases, and almost 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries such as India. The PrePAre (Primary pREvention strategies at the community level to Promote treatment Adherence to pREvent cardiovascular disease) trial was a primary prevention trial of community health workers aimed at improving ...

Maximizing both efficiency and equity are core considerations for population health. These considerations can result in tension in population health science as we seek to improve overall population health while achieving equitable health distributions within populations. Limited work has explored empirically the consequences of different population health intervention strategies on the burden o...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been associated with early-onset smoking. We hypothesize that reductions in ADHD symptoms due to an intervention have a mediating effect on early-onset smoking. METHODS In a universal, school-based, randomized controlled intervention trial, we examined whether intervention-induced reductions in ADHD symptom...

This article reports the prevalence of neglectful behavior by parents of university students in 17 nations (6 in Europe, 2 in North America, 2 in Latin America, 5 in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand) and tests the hypothesis that neglect is a risk factor for violence against a dating partner. The percentage at each university who experienced neglectful behavior ranged from 3.2% to 36% (median 1...

This study evaluated the efficacy of the Preschool First Step (PFS) to Success early intervention for children at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PFS is a targeted intervention for children 3-5 years old with externalizing behavior problems and addresses secondary prevention goals and objectives. As part of a larger multisite, randomized controlled trial, the efficacy ...

Why are some communities able to prevent actions that harm the viability of public goods, while others are not? Why might the same set of institutions operate in very different ways in two otherwise similar communities? In this paper, I outline a theory that shows how the extent to which third-party governance is embedded in local norms and networks can explain variation in the availability of ...

OBJECTIVES The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of and annoyance due to the noise from wind turbines in populated areas of Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised 156 subjects. All subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire developed to enable evaluation of their living conditions, including prevalence of annoyance due to the noise from wind turbines...

Abstract Purpose The present study provides quantitative data on the degree of macroplastic contamination two conventionally treated arable areas in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), which differ only use organic fertilizers (e.g., compost). Methods plastic both was determined by means field sampling. were divided into edge and central to minimize identify direct influences from boundaries. Aft...