the purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the prevalence of raw milk contamination with listeria monocytogenes. in this study, 100 bulk tank milk samples were collected randomly and delivered to pegah pasteurization factory in mashhad.for isolation and identification of l. monocytogenes, the samples were first enriched using cold enrichment method in listeriaenrichment broth, follo...

The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract Cymbopogon citratus leaf were assessed against some selected bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli ATCC 29214, Salmonella enterica Typhi ATCC14028, Bacillus cereus 14579, Proteus vulgaris ATCC15315 Shigella flexneri 120233, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, ATCC7644, Staphylococcus aureus 25823, 25923 and 29213 in vitro at different concentrat...

the objective of this study was to isolation and characterization of listeria species and determines listeria monocytogenes serotypes in fresh fish, shrimp, crab and lobster in isfahan and shahrekord, iran. from september 2010 to april 2011, a total of 300 samples of fresh fish, shrimp, crab and lobster were obtained from randomly selected retail stores in isfahan and shahrekord, iran. the samp...

Most infections induce anorexia but its function, if any, remains unclear. Because this response is common among animals, we hypothesized that infection-induced diet restriction might be an adaptive trait that modulates the host's ability to fight infection. Two defense strategies protect hosts against infections: resistance, which is the ability to control pathogen levels, and tolerance, which...

A majority of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in the United States are associated with biofilms. Nanoscale biophysical measures are increasingly revealing that adhesive and viscoelastic properties of bacteria play essential roles across multiple stages of biofilm development. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) applied to strains with variation in antimicrobial resistance enables new opport...

T he microorganism Listeria monocytogenes is a common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections associated with an unfavourable prognosis; series published in the past decade indicate a lethality of 12–43%. 2 Overall, acute meningitis is the most frequently encountered form of listerial CNS infection, but healthy adults more frequently develop rhombencephalitis (RE). Optimal treatment fo...

IFNgamma is critical for host defence against various food-borne pathogens including Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agents of salmonellosis and listeriosis, respectively. We investigated the impact of regional IFNgamma expression at the intestinal epithelial barrier on host invasion by salmonellae and listeriae following oral challenge. Transgenic mice (IFNgamma-g...

gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for cell-surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Little is known about its roles in chaperoning other TLRs or in the biology of macrophage in vivo. We generated a macrophage-specific gp96-deficient mouse. Despite normal development and activation by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta, the mutant macrophages failed to respo...