Microfluidic approaches to microbubble production are generally disadvantaged by low yield and high susceptibility to (micro)channel blockages. This paper presents an alternative method of producing microbubbles of 2.6 μm mean diameter at concentrations in excess of 30 × 10(6) mL(-1). In this method, the nitrogen gas flowing inside the liquid jet is disintegrated into spray of microbubble when ...

In this paper, a new tank with cryogenic charging (liquid nitrogen) is introduced. On the basis of this tank it is proposed to create a throttle cooling system, which may have enhanced characteristics compared with a throttle cooling system based on high pressure tank. This article deals with first results of tests of a tank with cryogenic charging (liquid nitrogen), which have been made at lev...

Different techniques were compared for their effectiveness in the disruption of the rigid cell walls of Basidiomycetes. Grinding under liquid nitrogen, stirred glass bead milling and enzymatic cell lysis were applied to the mycelia of Pleurotus sapidus and Lepista irina grown submerged. Each of the disruption procedures was evaluated by testing the quantity and quality of released intracellular...

Introduction The cost of nitrogen fertilizer increased dramatically in 2008 compared to previous years. As a result, producers began looking for ways to increase their nitrogen use efficiency. One product being promoted was an Exactrix system that injects anhydrous ammonia (NH3) as a liquid. The manufacturer of the Exactrix system claimed that nitrogen (N) rates could be reduced by as much as 3...

Long bubble tracks, <1 mm in diameter, have been produced in liquid argon and nitrogen with a nitrogen laser beam (h = 337 nm), offering subnanosecond pulses with small beam divergence. Bubble formation was observed over a wide range of operating conditions, including those for ordinary bubble chamber operation, with a laser pulse of 10 #J. Typical bubble densities obtained were 4-8 bubbles/cm,...

GENIUS is a proposal for a large scale detector of rare events like double beta decay, cold dark matter and low-energy solar neutrinos in real time. The idea of GENIUS is to operate a large amount of " naked " Ge detectors in liquid nitrogen, with the aim of reducing the background down to a level of 10 −3 counts/kg keV y. In this work we investigate the contribution to the background of GENIUS...

One of the most common methods for surgical treatment of bone metastasis is curettage. Local adjuvants are used to improve the effect of curettage in local cancer surgery and they may exerted their effects either chemically either physically; in orthopaedic oncology the most common are phenol, liquid nitrogen, laser, cement and argon beam coagulation. The purpose of this article is to review th...

Considerable experience has been gained in the operation of a bank of blood frozen in liquid nitrogen. The procedure for freezing and recovering the red cells is, in principle, that described by Krijnen, Kuivenhoven, and de Wit (1970). An improved metal freezing container offers greater freedom from liquid nitrogen leaks and hence, bacterial contamination. Over 500 units of blood have been pres...

Abstract A controller for filling and maintaining the level of liquid nitrogen Dewars is described, which has been used in experiments where the boil-off rate is large due to the proximity of an atomic beam oven to a beam dump cooled by the liquid nitrogen. The control system uses either a pair of copper–constantan thermocouples, or a pair of green LEDs to monitor the upper and lower levels of ...

Thermochemical and phase diagram data for the Ga–N system were assessed by employing the CALPHADmethod. A consistent model representation of available thermodynamic properties agrees well with the critically evaluated experimental data. Thermodynamic extrapolation/interpolation of these data was applied to estimate the sublimation andmelting characteristics of theGaN compound: at atmospheric pr...