In this thesis we lay the foundations for a distributed, community-based computing environment to tap the resources of a community to better perform some tasks, either computationally hard or economically prohibitive, or physically inconvenient, that one individual is unable to accomplish efficiently. We introduce community coding, where information systems meet social networks, to tackle some ...

For n-person perfect information stochastic games and for n-person stochastic games with Additive Rewards and Additive Transitions (ARAT) we show the existence of pure limiting average equilibria. Using a similar approach we also derive the existence of limiting average "-equilibria for two-person switching control stochastic games. The orderreld property holds for each of the classes mentioned...

PURPOSE How long after starting a new medication must a patient go without seizures before they can be regarded as seizure-free? A recent International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) task force proposed using a "Rule of Three" as an operational definition of seizure freedom, according to which a patient should be considered seizure-free following an intervention after a period without seizures ...

We have previously observed that breast cancer cell lines could ex hibit either epithelial or fibroblastic phenotypes as reflected by their morphologies and intermediate filament protein expression (C. L. Som mers, D. Walker-Jones, S. E. Heckford, P. Worland, E. Valverius, R. Clark, M. Stampfer, and E. P. Gelmann, Cancer Res., 49: 4258-4263, 1989). Fibroblastoid, vimentin-expressing breast canc...

This study investigated upper-level college students’ understanding of evidence use in quality scientific arguments. Responses to a required online ‘contrasting-essays’ assignment provided instructors with quick access to formative information about students’ capacity to evaluate the quality of argument and the use of evidence therein. Students inconsistently applied criteria for strong and wea...

We are honored to write the commentary for the inaugural report of “The Biology Behind. . . ” series in Clinical Cancer Research. We confess at the outset, however, that the reader conducting the most thorough survey of the cancer literature would not turn up any publications on BBI with either of our names in the author list (before now). Nevertheless, the scientific roots of “Clinical Modulat...

In their commentary on tamoxifen, Lippman and Brown [(1), p. 1813] cite figures from Fisher (2) and state that “these figures demonstrate that tamoxifen prevention potentially could impart a substantial net benefit to the public health.” In light of the article presented by Gail et al. (3) in the same issue of the Journal and some of our own calculations given below, we wish to offer a differen...

An application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for discrimination between natural earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions has been studied using distance corrected spectral data of regional seismic phases. Pn, Pg, and Lg spectra have been analyzed from 83 western U.S. earthquakes and 87 Nevada Test Site explosions recorded at the four broadband seismic stations operated by Lawrence L...

Weintraud (1913) was the first to envisage the possibility that tissue alterations in rheumatic patients may be due to a pathogenic anaphylactic reaction, but at that time it was not possible to verify his hypothesis by laboratory tests. The toxic properties of sera from rheumatic fever patients were first experimentally demonstrated by Ramsdell and Davidsohn (1930), and Klujeva and Bobritzkaja...

With the advent of screening, an increasing proportion of newly diagnosed breast cancers are 1 cm or less in size (stages T1a and b), and an emerging dilemma is addressed in the article by Fisher et al. (1). As pointed out by Lippman and Hayes (2) in their accompanying editorial, there is no biologic rationale for expecting any qualitative difference in efficacy of adjuvant systemic therapies b...