Characterizing the most efficient evolution, quantum speed limit (QSL) plays a significant role in technology. How to generalize well-established QSL from closed systems open has attracted much attention. In contrast previous schemes derive reduced dynamics of systems, we propose bound point view total system consisting and its environment using quantum-state-diffusion method. The application o...

gas motion within the cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process in spark ignition engine. it also has significant impact on heat transfer. both the bulk gas motion and the turbulence characteristics of the flow are important and governing the overall behavior of the flow. an arrangement for obtaining a stratified charge, using port injection, is proposed for a cur...