BACKGROUND Protocetidae are middle Eocene (49-37 Ma) archaeocete predators ancestral to later whales. They are found in marine sedimentary rocks, but retain four legs and were not yet fully aquatic. Protocetids have been interpreted as amphibious, feeding in the sea but returning to land to rest. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two adult skeletons of a new 2.6 meter long protocetid, Maiacetus ...

Can developmental processes account for vertebrate limb homology, the overall similarity of definitive limb structure despite differences in different taxa which often relate to evolutionary adaptations? Relevant evidence is from molecular studies, from 'cut & paste' experimental embryology and from classical descriptive accounts of embryology and structure. There is striking evidence of a simi...

Algorithmic skeleton has received attention as an efficient method of parallel programming in recent years. Using the method, the programmer can implement parallel programs easily. In this study, a set of efficient algorithmic skeletons is introduced for use in implementing parallel genetic algorithm (PGA).A performance modelis derived for each skeleton that makes the comparison of skeletons po...

In intelligent video surveillance under complex scenes, it is vital to identify the current actions of multi-target human bodies accurately and in real time. this paper, a real-time multi-person action recognition method with monocular vision proposed based on sequence models. Firstly, key points body skeleton are extracted by using OpenPose algorithm. Then, features constructed, including limb...

paraschistura prokofiev, 2009 is a newly described genus based on osteological characters, but detailed information for all species of the genus is not available. to describe osteological characteristics of the endemic species of paraschistura nielseni , twelve specimens were collected from the shapur river of persis basin which drains to the persian gulf and their osteological characteristics ...

The limited ability of articular cartilage to repair after traumatic insult or during arthritic degeneration is widely attributed to the fact that the tissue lacks both innervation and vascularisation. However, comparative studies of articular cartilage repair in load bearing and non-load bearing areas of the joint, in addition to some in vitro studies suggest more strongly that adult articular...

The alternative double bonds and conjugation in the polyene compounds are one of the main properties in these compounds. Each carbon-carbon bonds in a polyene compound along the chain has appreciable double-bond character. The p-electrons are therefore not localized but are relatively free to move throughout the entire carbon skeleton as an one-dimensional box. The skeleton be considered as a r...

The purpose of this research is to establish metric standards for the determination of sex from the upper limb bones of Korean. We took a set of eleven measurements on each of 175 right sides of adult skeletons chosen at Korean sample. Classification accuracy dropped only one or two individuals when only vertical head diameter of humerus is used. Variables in relation with maximal length were l...

The TALE (Three Amino acid Loop Extension) family consisting of Meis, Pbx and Pknox proteins is a group of transcriptional co-factors with atypical homeodomains that play pivotal roles in limb development. Compared to the in-depth investigations of Meis and Pbx protein functions, the role of Pknox2 in limb development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Pknox2 was mainly expressed in the zeug...

EMG analyses have several applications, such as identifying muscle excitation patterns during rehabilitation or training plans, controlling EMG-driven devices. However, experimental measurements can be time consuming difficult to obtain. This study presents a simple algorithm predict signals that applied in real running, given only the instantaneous vector of kinematics. We hypothesize factoriz...