BACKGROUND Lightning injuries are relatively uncommon and have been a subject of awe since primitive times. It most significantly affects the cardiorespiratory, nervous, and integumentary systems. Surprisingly, cutaneous burn injuries caused by lightning are usually superficial. OBJECTIVE To present the cutaneous manifestations of lightning injuries and the sequelae of improper management. ...

[1] Published research has suggested that urban and agricultural activities in central Arizona may be enhancing monsoonal precipitation in the region; therefore, this study employed cloud-to-ground lightning data and topographic data to reveal spatially anomalous zones of lightning activity in central Arizona. A multiple linear regression model with topographic variables as predictors explained...

Very low frequency (VLF) remote sensing observations of multifaceted local and conjugate ionospheric perturbations from geographically identified and well-characterized oceanic lightning discharges are presented for the first time. Lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP) events are shown to produce disturbances first in the conjugate hemisphere and subsequently in the hemisphere of the c...

Iron and manganese are relevant constituents of the earth's crust and both show increasing mobility when reduced by free electrons. This reduction is known to be controlled by microbial dissimilation processes. Alternative sources of free electrons in nature are cloud-to-ground lightning events with thermal and galvanic effects. Where thermal effects of lightning events are well described, less...

Estimates of lightning NOx production from GOME satellite observations K. F. Boersma, H. J. Eskes, E. W. Meijer, and H. M. Kelder Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands Received: 17 February 2005 – Accepted: 4 April 2005 – Published: 13 May 2005 Correspondence to: K. F. Boersma ([email protected]) © 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

Lightning is one of the major threats to multimegawatt wind turbines and a concern for modern aircraft due to the use of lightweight composite materials. Both wind turbines and aircraft can initiate lightning, and very favorable conditions for lightning initiation occur in winter thunderstorms. Moreover, winter thunderstorms are characterized by a relatively high production of very energetic li...

The paper presents a comparison of the performance of voltage-switching devices and voltage-limiting devices for late seventies-vintage SPDs as marketed and installed in service panels in the USA and in Europe. Artifacts in the response of a typical oscilloscope to a nearby gap sparkover, and the effect of lead dress inside the panels and outdoor installation are described. Predictably, the per...

Tropospheric NO2 column retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite spectrometer are used to quantify the source strength and 3-D distribution of lightning produced nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2). A sharp increase of NO2 is observed at convective cloud tops with increasing cloud top height, consistent with a power-law behaviour with power 5±2. Convective production of ...

Lightning rod is widely used in lightning protection systems. It is of practical interest to analyze the protective performance of a lightning rod taking into consideration some stochastic behaviors of the lightning process. The effectiveness of a single lightning rod is investigated in this paper using a fractal growth approach based on dielectric breakdwon model (DBM). The effective intercept...