OBJECTIVE To identify which aspects of socioeconomic change were associated with the steep decline in life expectancy in Russia between 1990 and 1994. DESIGN Regression analysis of regional data, with percentage fall in male life expectancy as dependent variable and a range of socioeconomic measures reflecting transition, change in income, inequity, and social cohesion as independent variable...

Background: Early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) and antiretroviral therapy dramatically reduce mortality. EID is recommended at six weeks of age, but many infant infections are missed. Design/Methods: We simulated four EID strategies for HIV-exposed infants in South Africa: no EID (diagnosis only after illness), testing once (birth alone; 6 weeks alone) and twice (birth and 6 weeks). We calculated...

Survival in type 1 diabetes has improved, but the impact on life expectancy in the U.S. type 1 diabetes population is not well established. Our objective was to estimate the life expectancy of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study cohort and quantify improvements by comparing two subcohorts based on year of diabetes diagnosis (1950-1964 [n = 390] vs. 1965-1980 [n = 5...

The life tables in this report are current life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 1999. Data used to prepare these life tables are 1999 final mortality statistics; July 1, 1999, population estimates; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 1999 the overall expectation of life at birth was 76.7 years, unchan...

BACKGROUND The fourth Millennium Development Goal calls for a two-thirds reduction in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015. Under-5 mortality rate is declining, but many countries are still far from achieving the goal. Effective child health interventions that could reduce child mortality exist, but national decision-makers lack contextual information for priority setting in their respective...

OBJECTIVES To examine trends in the Arab-Jew life expectancy gap in Israel during 1975-2004 and to determine the contribution of age groups and causes of death to changes in the gap. METHODS Data on life expectancy and mortality rates by cause of death, for Arabs and Jews, were obtained from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Standard life table techniques were used for decomposition an...

Sattenspiel and Harpending (1983, American Antiquity 48(3): 489-498) have stated that the life expectancy at birth (e0(0] which paleodemographers calculate from skeletal population data is actually the mean age at death (ad) of the population. Yet, only when a population is neither growing or declining (i.e., is stationary) are these two statistics equivalent. They further assert, that the mean...

BACKGROUND Life expectancy at birth in the United States will likely surpass 80 years in the coming decade. Yet recent studies suggest that longevity gains are unevenly shared across age and socioeconomic groups. First, mortality in midlife has risen among non-Hispanic whites. Second, low-educated whites have suffered stalls (men) or declines (women) in adult life expectancy, which is significa...