The activity of estradiol on the LHRH neuronal network is crucial in the regulation of reproduction. In vivo, estradiol induces galanin (GAL) gene expression in LHRH neurons and GAL/LHRH colocalization is sexually dimorphic and neonatally determined by steroid exposure. The effects of estradiol on LHRH neurons, however, are considered to be indirect because estrogen receptors (ER) have not been...

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by surgical or medical castration is recommended for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Recent literature suggests that medical castration by luteinizing hormone receptor hormone (LHRH) antagonists might have advantages over treatment with LHRH agonists in patients with metastatic prostate cancer when prostate specific antigen (PSA) progressio...

Forty crossbred boars were equally divided into eight groups at birth. Four groups were immunized (200 micrograms/boar) at 12 wk of age against either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to human serum globulin (LHRH-hSG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), LHRH-hSG in muramyldipeptide adjuvant (PEP), procine luteinizing hormone (LH) conjugated to hSG (pLH-hSG) in CFA or ov...

We have previously shown that administration of antiprogestin (AP) type II RU486 to ovariectomized (OVX) rats on the morning of pro-oestrus decreases the magnitude of preovulatory gonadotrophin surge. This suggests that the effect of RU486 on LHRH-dependent gonadotrophin release may be independent of its ability to block progesterone actions. The aim of the present research was to study the pos...

The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist ICI 118630 was found to increase testosterone production in purified rat testis Leydig cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, but no consistent changes in cyclic AMP levels were detectable. The stimulation of steroidogenesis by LHRH agonist was found to be dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ in the incubation medium; at l...

The ovary is the major site of oestrogen production in premenopausal women. Removal of the ovaries in premenopausal patients with breast cancer has long been recognised to potentially alter the course of disease. This procedure leads to a marked reduction in the circulating levels of oestrogen. It has been shown that ovariectomy given as an adjuvant treatment reduces the odds of recurrence or d...

Background. Most patients with metastatic prostate cancer are endocrinologically treated with LHRH agonist, but finally castration-refractory and hormone-refractory cancers occur. Serum testosterone levels get low to "the castration level" by LHRH agonists but may not get low enough against castration-refractory prostate cancer. Methods. As case series, twelve patients suffering from hormone-re...

The present study was aimed to examine the possible functional relationship between melatonin and hypothalamic transmitters, endogenous opioids and excitatory amino acids in controlling gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats. An intravenous injection of naloxone (mu opioid receptor antagonist), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; NMDA receptor agonist) or luteinizing hormone-rele...

we treated ten men and ten women suffering from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with lhrh. our method of treatment differed 'from others in that a mini pump was not available at the onset of the study. nine women were given injections via a heparinized indwelling catheter every 120 minutes for 14 days, i,e. the proliferative phase. after ovulation, 3000 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) ...