We consider correlation inequalities that follow from the well-known loop equations of LGT, and their analogues in spin systems. They provide a way of bounding long range by short or intermediate range correlations. In several cases the method easily reproduces results that otherwise require considerable effort to obtain. In particular, in the case of the 2-dimensional O(N) spin model, where la...

BACKGROUND In prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, genetic material can be transferred laterally among unrelated lineages and recombined into new host genomes, providing metabolic and physiological novelty. Although the process is usually framed in terms of gene sharing (e.g. lateral gene transfer, LGT), there is little reason to imagine that the units of transfer and recombination correspond to en...

Vaccination strategies for protection against sexually transmitted diseases are lacking due to an incomplete understanding of genital tract T cell responses. This thesis dissects the generation of T helper subsets, including the recently discovered Th17 subset, during genital tract infection with a common sexually transmitted pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, and addresses vaccine requirements f...

Using the coupled cluster expansion with the random phase approximation, we calculate the long wavelength vacuum wave function and the vacuum energy of 2+1 dimensional Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory (LGT) up to the seventh order. The coefficients μ0 , μ2 of the vacuum wave function show good scaling behavior and convergence in high order calculations. PACS indices: 11.15.Ha, 12.38.Gc

Aspartokinase (Ask) exists within a variable network that supports the synthesis of 9 amino acids and a number of other important metabolites. Lysine, isoleucine, aromatic amino acids, and dipicolinate may arise from the ASK network or from alternative pathways. Ask proteins were subjected to cohesion group analysis, a methodology that sorts a given protein assemblage into groups in which evolu...

In "Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element," Leung et al. (2017) improved contigs attributed to the Muller F element from the original CAF1 assembly, and used them to conclude that most of the sequence expansion of the fourth chromosome of D. ananassae is due to a higher transposon load than previously thought, but is not due to...