This paper consists of a review of current trends in web-based instruction and a review of a representative sample of web-based instruction efficacy research. The review of the current state of web-based instruction yields two principle themes: a) The prevalence of web-based instruction is growing exponentially, particularly in lifelong learning and corporate training; and b) The line between a...

In this paper, we consider the identification problem arising in the ageperiod-cohort models, as well as in the extended chain ladder model. We propose a canonical parametrization based on the accelerations of the trends in the three factors. This parametrization is exactly identified. It eases interpretation, estimation and forecasting. The canonical parametrization is shown to apply for a cla...

The Brazilian Portuguese language orthographic reform has promoted changes in writing in less than 2% of its lexis. However, these changes have affected medical practice. The authors present in this article the main changes in the orthographic rules and gather a group of words that have had their spelling altered by this new language reform emphasizing the dermatological terms.

In experimental research, a pretest–posttest design is often used to examine the effect of treatment or intervention. Establishing equivalency across tests essential for this type research ensure validity study results. However, studies that explore test/task are scarce in second language research. This investigates seven picture-based narrative tasks such as those commonly and tests. The oral ...