In the past, foreign borrowing by developing countries was comprised almost entirely of government borrowing. Recently, private firms and individuals in developing countries borrow substantially from foreign lenders. It is not clear whether the observed increase in private sector borrowing leads to overborrowing and frequent defaults by governments in developing countries. In this paper, we dev...

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Thailand's longstanding HIV epidemic among injection drug users (IDU) has been attributed, in part, to the Thai government's unwillingness to implement evidence-based HIV prevention interventions. This study was undertaken to examine risk factors for syringe borrowing among a community-recruited sample of Thai IDU. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the prevalence of syringe...

This study examines how phonetic details produced by non-bilingual borrowers (‘disseminators ’) are categorised when new words are transmitted to the monolinguals of the borrowing language community (‘recipients’). The stimuli are based on research showing that the schwa inserted by English speakers into non-native clusters (e.g. /zgAmo/£[z@gAmo]) differs acoustically from lexical schwa (e.g. [...

Abstract Research on anglicisms in Polish has nearly a century-long tradition, yet it was Jacek Fisiak’s 1960s–1980s studies English loanwords that initiated continuous academic interest anglicisms, coinciding with more intensive English-Polish language contact post-war Poland. While loans have been well-researched the last four decades, ongoing intensity of lexical influence Polish, yielding n...

Abstract Brentano’s account of intentionality has often been traced back to its scholastic sources. This is justified by his claim that objects thought have a specific mode being—namely, “intentional inexistence” ( intentionale Inexistenz )—and mental acts an relation” Beziehung ) these objects. These technical terms in Brentano do indeed recall the medieval notions esse , which being, and inte...

Abstract Despite ample attention in the literature for alignment patterns and case frames more generally, we know very little about how these elements of grammar spread from one language to another a contact situation. Achieving better understanding this will help explain areal grammatical relation marking. In contribution, zoom on situation foothills North-West Amazon, where languages Quechuan...

The paper analyses the means of lexical enrichment from viewpoint a theory motivation (TLM). After introductory notes, methodological background (basic principles TLM) is explained (section 2). Consequently, in section 3, hierarchy related concepts introduced, namely, three-tiered set oppositions: (1) imitation nomination - nomination, (2) intralinguistic cross- -linguistic (3) intralexemic int...

In the field of contact linguistics, how susceptible certain lexical categories are to borrowing is a major topic discussion. Verbs, in particular, have been subject controversy for several decades. This study seeks add that discussion by consulting Uzbek as test case. As Turkic language with agglutinating morphology and has influence from prestige languages, wealth borrowed vocabulary availabl...

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between individuals’ attitudes towards their mother tongue and lexical attrition. The is based on data from a study wherein 10 Kurdish-Turkish bilinguals were asked to narrate well-known story in of Kurdish. These individuals selected among 104 participants according score Mother Tongue Attitude Scale (MTAS), scale used determine attitu...