The advent of new technologies has enabled deeper insight into processes at subcellular levels, which will ultimately improve diagnostic procedures and patient outcome. Thanks to cell enrichment methods, it is now possible to study cells in their native environment. This has greatly contributed to a rapid growth in several areas, such as gene expression analysis, proteomics, and metabolonomics....

In this paper I develop a Proxy Means Tests (PMT) model and examine several targeting lines based on 2008 household survey data to identify beneficiaries for a targeting subsidy scheme in Iran. Based on the findings of this study, setting a cut-off percentile of 40% is expected to provide compensation for almost 70 percent of the poorest households. This will result in the highest accuracy main...

background: in-depth knowledge of antibiotic principles is widely considered a necessary condition for appropriate prescribing of antibiotics. the study aimed at determining the impact of healthcare providers’ level of knowledge in bacteriology and principles of antibiotic prescribing on their abilities to prescribe antibiotics appropriately. methods: a structured questionnaire survey targeting...

fusion of two genes at dna level produces a single protein, known as a chimeric protein. immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of specific cell targeting and cell killing moieties. bacterial or plant toxins are commonly used as the killing moieties of the chimeric immunotoxins. in this investigation, the catalytic domain of shiga-like toxin (a1) was fused to human granulocyte macrophage c...

in this paper, by using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, optimal monetary rule derived for central bank of iran. monetary transmission mechanism of the model includes four equations, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, oil price and taylor rule. we have proved that dynamic structure of aggregate demand relation, regarding monetary inflation in iran, is a function of money growth rate. wi...

Abstract Targeting remains a highly contentious aspect of social protection design, despite the growing body evidence on various targeting mechanisms. While is often framed as identifying poorest households within limited budgets, such decisions are inherently political and shaped by notions justice. This in-depth study contested cash transfer model in Zambia finds that local ideas deservingnes...

BACKGROUND Organisational-level workplace interventions are thought to produce more sustainable effects on the health of employees than interventions targeting individual behaviours. However, scientific evidence from intervention studies does not fully support this notion. It is therefore important to explore conditions of positive health effects by systematically reviewing available studies. W...

Over the last decade, many central banks have adopted polices known as inflation targeting. To prepare intermediate level macroeconomics students to think about current policy issues, it is important to provide them with an introduction to the macroeconomic implications of inflation targeting. Unfortunately, the standard aggregate demandaggregate supply frameworks commonly used to teach interme...