Regarding the nature of non-linear discrete placement, and in order to determine the optimal capacity of the substation, the goal in the present study will be a number of local optimum points. In this research, the problem of optimal placement posts to reduce power losses by considering Distributed Generation (DG). In formulating the objective function, geographical distribution density in the ...

  Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problems are co...

social capital is one of the most important criteria related to social network resilience. in trust networks as the most important factor of social capital in adaptive governance, sensitivity to disorders and irregularities is considerable and resiliency improvement and compatibility capacity depends on trust level in network. this research is applied in zangooi village, south khorasan province...

According to the water resources and climate change and challenges of Urmia Lake basin, which is the discharge and final destination of North West Rivers, a model was presented. Due to climate change and water resources in river basin such as rainfall, climate change in basin that has direct impact on evaporation over water catchment areas and lake water, this model can be provided. In addition...

Ecosystem Services (ES) and Urban Services (US) influence place liveability in a comparable manner so that assessing landscape liveability considering both types of services can result effective for landscape planning and policy-making purposes. Considering that liveability is strongly dependent also on landscape perception by local population, stakeholder involvement results essential for a mo...