To the Editor : Retinoblastoma is the most common form of childhood intraocular tumor. Tumor initiation is known to be associated with a double mutation in the RB1 gene, requiring mutations in both alleles. Approximately 40% of retinoblastoma patients carry predisposing germline mutations that are usually associated with bilateral tumors. In contrast, nearly 15% of patients affected by unilater...

BACKGROUND Human toxocariasis, caused by Toxocara canis, T. cati, and T. vitulorum of dogs, cats and ruminants respectively, is recognized as an important zoonotic infection worldwide. The typical clinical syndromes of toxocariasis in humans are ocular larva migrans (OLM) and visceral larva migrans (VLM). The most commonly affected sites of OLM are the peripheral retina and/or vitreous humor. I...

Toxoplasmosis was the most common cause of primary retinochoroiditis. The majority of cases of ocular toxoplasmosis were congenital. However, cases of acquired ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported. The clinical manifestations of congenital ocular toxoplasmosis were choroidal coloboma, strabismus, nystagmus, ptosis, microphthalmia, cataract and enophthalmia. The purpose of this study was to d...

Zoonotic Toxocara eggs are excreted by dogs and cats. A ubiquitous distribution and resistance may lead to human, mainly children, accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs and infection. In humans the infection remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migration larval stages. Human infection by Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati may progress to systemic and ocular toxocariasis. Spe...