Yaumatei Dermatology Clinic, 12/F, Yaumatei Specialist Clinic, 143 Battery Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier. It is licensed for genital warts, actinic keratosis, and recently basal cell carcinoma. Studies showed that it had potent anti-tumour activity by enhancing both innate and acquired immunity. A growing number of evidences are found to support the ...

Mechanisms involved in melanoma invasiveness and metastasis are essential to understanding the behavior of this aggressive melanocytic skin cancer. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered fundamental for overcoming the in situ stage of melanoma and its proliferation beyond the basal membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are key molecule...

The retinoblastoma pathway has been implicated in melanoma; however, previous studies of one of the key components of this pathway, cyclin D1 (CD1), failed to find amplification of this gene in a large series of melanomas. We have recently shown that a particular subtype of melanoma, acral melanoma (AM), has frequent amplification of the CD1 locus. This suggested that CD1 might be important in ...

252 Ann Dermatol Received May 15, 2012, Revised August 1, 2012, Accepted for publication August 16, 2012 Corresponding author: Masafumi Sugiyama, Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 OhnoHigashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. Tel: 81-72-366-0221, Fax: 81-72-368-3732, E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed...

The indications for MMS include malignant tumors with poorly defined borders, histology, tumor size, level of invasion, anatomic location, reduced patient immunity, and recurrence after previous treatment. MMS is indicated for locally aggressive tumors that are difficult to eradicate by routine measures and recurrent tumors following conventional surgical excision. MMS has been used successfull...

Received January 28, 2014, Accepted for publication March 3, 2014 Corresponding author: Byung Cheol Park, Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Hospital, 201 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-715, Korea. Tel: 82-41-550-3926, Fax: 82-41-552-7541, E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ...

Melanosis of the urinary bladder is very rare. It is characterized by the deposition of melanin within the vesical urothelium and/ or lamina propria without the presence of melanocytes [1]. It is a distinct pathological entity in its own right and is not directly related to other melanotic lesions such as melanocytic naevus, lentigo maligna or malignant melanoma. At present, melanosis of the bl...

A 75-year–old patient was referred with vaginal bleeding. Her physical exam showed two flat dark plaques on the posterior fourchette, mostly on left lateral side of the vulva. A black soft mucosal nodule was present on the left lateral side of upper vagina, and a polypoid ulcerative cervical lesion extended into the right parametrium. Cervical and vaginal biopsies were in favor of malignant mel...