In statistical machine translation, decoding without any reordering constraint is an NP-hard problem. Inversion Transduction Grammars (ITGs) exploit linguistic structure and can well balance the needed flexibility against complexity constraints. Currently, translation models with ITG constraints usually employs the cube-time CYK algorithm. In this paper, we present a shift-reduce decoding algor...

The system has been developed to translate simple sentences in legal domain from Punjabi to English. Since the structure of both the languages is different, direct approach of translating word by word is not possible. So, indirect approach i.e. rule based approach of translation is used. The system has analysis, translation and synthesis component. The steps involved are preprocessing, tagging,...

This paper addresses the problem of reliably measuring productivity gains by professional translators working with a machine translation enhanced computer assisted translation tool. In particular, we report on a field test we carried out with a commercial CAT tool in which translation memory matches were supplemented with suggestions from a commercial machine translation engine. The field test ...

APLA Limited v Legal Services Commissioner (NSW)2 (‘APLA’), decided in September this year, had the potential to be a landmark decision in the field of implied constitutional freedoms comparable to Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth3 (‘ACTV’) and Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills4 (‘Nationwide News’). In the two latter cases the High Court concluded that the provision for a syst...

Classifying research papers into patent classification systems enables an exhaustive and effective invalidity search, prior art search, and technical trend analysis. However, it is very costly to classify research papers manually. Therefore, we have studied automatic classification of research papers into a patent classification system. To classify research papers into patent classification sys...

Abstract Legal linguistics or jurilinguistics as it has been called recently, is a relatively new field of research. The first research into the started with analysing content laws (the epistemic stage). Later on, lawyers being interested in manners communicating heuristic This Special Issue Comparative Legilinguistics contains two texts devoted to development legal linguistics, languages and t...

This paper proposes to familiarize the MT users with two major areas of development: (1) To improve translation quality between uncommon language pairs, the use of a third language as the pivot. Various techniques have been shown to be promising when parallel corpora for the uncommon language pairs are not readily available. They require the use of two other language pairs involving a common th...