Lay jurors are often legally and logically unprepared for trial. In response, it is recommended that jurors receive training in how to make better legal decisions. This chapter suggests that jurors should receive comprehensive training in critical legal doctrines and in how to reason with legal evidence. Jurors who cannot be trained to achieve minimal levels of competence (in the law or in basi...

This article addresses several ethical, regulatory, and legal issues in managed care with attention to recent court cases that focus on physicians' responsibility, fiduciary duty, and the impact that these legal decisions have on physicians practicing in a managed care environment. Discussion of the impact of changes in the control of decision-making processes for physicians, the use of managed...

Using law and evidence to achieve fair and accurate decisions in numerous legal cases requires a complex multiagent system. This paper discusses a framework based on many-valued, predicate, default logic that successfully captures legal knowledge, integrates and evaluates expert and non-expert evidence, coordinates agents working on different legal problems, and evolves the knowledge model over...

The European Commission relies increasingly on commitment decisions. More transparency on the substance of allegations, and the establishment of a higher number of legal precedents, are however necessary. This applies in particular to cases that tackle antitrust issues in new areas, such as markets for digital goods, in which companies might find it difficult to assess if a certain behaviour co...

Empirical evidence about the relationship between legal gambling and crime is mixed; some studies find that legalized gambling increases crime and others find no relationship between legalized gambling and crime, controlling for other factors like hotels. We develop a utility maximizing model of time spent in legal work, crime, and leisure and use this model to understand the relationship betwe...

Feminist legal theory provides a healthy skepticism toward legal doctrine and insists that we reexamine even formally gender-neutral rules to uncover problematic assumptions behind them. The article first outlines feminist legal theory from the perspectives of liberal, cultural, and radical feminism. Examples of how each theory influences legal practice, case law, and legislation are highlighte...

This paper presents an argumentation-based multi-attribute decision making model, where decisions made can be explained in natural language. More specifically, an explanation for a decision is obtained from a mapping between the given decision framework and an argumentation framework, such that best decisions correspond to admissible sets of arguments, and the explanation is generated automatic...

Incentives and the Allocation of Legal Costs Products Liability Marilyn J. Simon This paper examines the legal expenditures, the probability of court error and product quality under several rules for allocation legal costs. Equilibrium legal expenditures for the plaintiff and defendant are derived under each rule and the effect of a change on the equilibrium expenditures is derived. It is found...

This research is motivated by how case similarity is assessed in retrospect in law. In the legal domain, when both case facts and court decisions are present, assessing case similarity by taking account of both case facts and court decisions is more intuitive than considering case facts alone. Discovering similar mappings of case facts to court decisions, or similar strategies that courts used ...