The first amputees were undoubtedly survivors of accidental amputations . Similarly, the first adaptive device was probably a forked stick used as a crutch to substitute for the lost function of an amputated leg . The eventual invention of a padded peg leg was a major technical breakthrough and became common practice for several centuries . There are historical accounts of armor manufacturers d...

In the present paper, an attempt has been made to carry out kinematic and dynamic analysis of a six-legged robot. A three-revolute (3R) kinematic chain has been chosen for each leg mechanism in order to mimic the leg structure of an insect. Denavit–Hartenberg (D-H) conventions are used to perform kinematic analysis of the six-legged robot. The direct and inverse kinematic analysis for each leg ...

This paper deals with dynamic optimization of biped locomotion. The main focus of this research is motion optimization of double support phase. The optimization problem is dealt by using Pontryagins Maximum Principal. For motion optimization of double support phase, the closed kinematic chain has been considered to be opened at appropriate joint and the components of ground reaction forces has ...

Introduction World wide approximately 1.5 billion passengers travel by aircrafts yearly. In the past years there have been increasing reports suggesting a causal link between longhaul flights and thromboembolic events. It has been postulated that besides sitting in a cramped position DVT may be triggered by aircraft-specific factors. Whether these aircraft-specific factors (moderate hypoxia, lo...

PURPOSE Recent in vitro research has suggested that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction does not restore control of tibial rotation. The purpose of this study was to explore these findings in vivo and investigate rotational knee stability during landing and subsequent pivoting. Such an activity places higher demands on the knee, almost similar to those found during high-level sports...

background: this study intended to determine the effects of vitamin d and calcium?vitamin d in treating leg cramps in pregnant women. materials and methods: this study was conducted as a double?blind randomized controlled clinical trial on 126 participants, 18–35?year?old pregnant women with a minimum of two leg cramps per week who were referred to health?care centers in tabriz?iran in 2013. th...

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Human Walk Chapter 3: Study of Robot Leg Mechanisms 3.1 Effectiveness of leg joints relating to the walking. 3.2 Locations of leg joints. 3.3 Movable extent of leg joints. 3.4 Dimension, weight and center of gravity of a leg. 3.5 Torque placed on leg joints during the walking. 3.6 Sensors relating to the walking. 3.7 Grounding impact on leg joints during the w...

A common feature in biological neuromuscular systems is the redundancy in joint actuation. Understanding how these redundancies are resolved in typical joint movements has been a long-standing problem in biomechanics, neuroscience and prosthetics. Many empirical studies have uncovered neural, mechanical and energetic aspects of how humans resolve these degrees of freedom to actuate leg joints f...