A learner’s language data of speaking, writing, listening, and reading have been compiled for a learner corpus in this study. The language data consist of linguistic output and language processing. Linguistic output refers to data of pronunciation, sentences, listening comprehension rate, and reading comprehension rate. Language processing refers to processing time and learners’ self-judgment o...

Online interactive exchange offers the learner many opportunities to use the target language to negotiate both meaning and form in a social context that is crucial for second language acquisition. This paper discusses a pilot study using synchronous electronic chats combined with task-based instruction (TBI) to enhance learners’ communication skills. TBI focuses on the two-way exchange of infor...

A learner corpus is a useful resource for developing automatic assessment techniques for implementation in a computer-assisted language learning system. However, presently, learner corpora are only helpful in terms of evaluating the accuracy of learner output (speaking and writing). Therefore, the present study proposes a learner corpus annotated with evaluation results regarding the accuracy a...

Lexical bundles are empirically derived formulaic units of language which are register-specifi c and perform a variety of discourse functions. Because these units of language contribute to the linguistic make up of specifi c registers, they can be important indicators for determining the success of language users within these discourse communities. Therefore, language learners need to assimilat...

Corpus studies of native speaker and learner language have been influential in informing syllabus design and course content in foreign or second language (L2) teaching. Corpora can also be explored directly by the learner, in what Johns (1991) has called ―data-driven learning‖ (DDL). Such an approach is alleged to have many advantages, including fostering learner autonomy, increasing language a...

In this paper we present a survey of some most significant spoken English learner corpora created up to date. Spoken learner corpora which include speech generated by learners are important in many areas of research and practice, in particular, for identifying typical pronunciation errors of learners of English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), or English as a lin...

In the process of English learning, each learner has his/her own attitude towards learning. In this path, s/he should feel free to be responsible for what s/he wants and seeks to learn which shows how autonomous the learner is. This study is based on the hypotheses that there is a relationship between what the learner feels towards English language learning and his/her level of autonomy. For th...

Evidence is mounting from a number of studies undertaken with groups of learners of all ages and all abilities that there is a particular factor common to successful language learners: strategic competence involving the use of appropriate learning strategies. The growing body of research into this area has not, however, had much to say so far about the special situation of those learning a lang...

Children around the globe learn language under a wide range of circumstances, and they do it remarkably well. The premise of this special issue is that we can glean insights about language learning from children who learn language under special circumstances that we cannot gain from children learning language under typical circumstances. Indeed, much can be learned about the child’s contributio...

‘Integrative CALL’ (Warschauer, 1996) refers to developments in language learning in this phase. The learner is placed in authentic situations where learning simultaneously involves listening, seeing, doing, participating and reflecting. This paper shares some insights into this new paradigm in language learning where the online delivery of a course gives learners more control over their own le...