A 69-year-old man, with a permanent pacemaker (PM) and a tricuspid bioprosthesis implanted 6 years ago, was admitted due to gradual exacerbation of heart failure symptoms to NYHA class III. Transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography revealed proper function of bioprosthesis leaflets accompanied by the presence of severe paravalvular leak (PVL) with the PM lead crossing its c...

SMCT1 is a Na-coupled cotransporter of short chain monocarboxylates, which is expressed in the apical membrane of diverse epithelia such as colon, renal cortex, and thyroid. We previously reported that SMCT1 cotransport was reduced by extracellular Cl(-) replacement with cyclamate(-) and that the protein exhibited an ostensible anionic leak current. In this paper, we have revisited the interact...

Excessive calcium influx is important in the irreversible injury of cardiac myocytes and other cell types. The mechanism is unknown, but possibilities include L-type channels, Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, sarcolemmal (SL) defects, and calcium leak channels. In this study, metabolic inhibition was used to induce ATP depletion and augmented calcium influx in cultured cardiac myocytes. Inhibition of the L...

A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial proton-leak functions as a regulator of reactive oxygen species production and its modulation may limit oxidative injury to tissues. The main purpose of this work was to characterize the proton-leak of brain cortical mitochondria from long-term hyperglycemic and insulin-induced recurrent hypoglycemic rats through the modulation of the uncou...

Pneumothorax is a relatively common condition that is usually managed either conservatively, by chest tube drainage or, if a refractory air leak persists, then with cardiothoracic intervention. However, there is a small group of patients with a persistent air leak in whom surgical intervention is felt to be inappropriate. This study looks at a novel management strategy in a patient presenting w...

Maintenance of vascular integrity is critical for homeostasis, and temporally and spatially regulated vascular leak is a central feature of inflammation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) can regulate endothelial barrier function, but the sources of the S1P that provide this activity in vivo and its importance in modulating different inflammatory responses are unknown. We report here that mutant mi...

Leak localization is essential for the safety and maintenance of storage vessels. This study proposes a novel circular acoustic emission sensor array to realize the continuous CO₂ leak localization from a circular hole on the surface of a large storage vessel in a carbon capture and storage system. Advantages of the proposed array are analyzed and compared with the common sparse arrays. Experim...

OBJECTIVE To determine the etiology and site of leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and the surgical efficacy of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), in closing the defect of CSF leak by different graft materials. STUDY DESIGN Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from September 2005 to D...

Possibility of a system leakage in an air-conditioning system always exists. Once a leakage occurs refrigerant and oil escape from the system and compressor. This paper determines the characteristics of the losses. Two important factors affecting the loss characteristics are location of leakage in the system and speed ofleakage or leakage rate. This paper then reasons the tested actual loss cha...

In mammals, it is believed that a portion of tissue metabolic rate is driven by counteraction of uncoupling, in which the energetically inefficient process of proton leak acts to diminish the mitochondrial electrochemical membrane potential. It is proposed that specific proteins associated with the mitochondrion catalyse uncoupling, and the biology of such putative uncoupling proteins (UCPs) is...